Advanced Organic Chemistry Bernard Miller Solutions Pdf
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Bernal [283] first pointed to the potential importance of clay minerals in the origin of life due to the well-ordered arrangement of clay mineral particles, their high adsorption capacity, their ability to shield molecules from ultraviolet radiation, their capacity to adsorb and concentrate organic molecules, and their ability to act as polymerization templates. The idea that clay minerals acted as heterogeneous catalysts for the precursor organic molecules for the origin of life was first seriously expanded upon by Cairns-Smith [9] and has found significant traction since. According to him [284], there is no persuasive reason that a relationship is required between the last common precursor consisting of organic molecules and initial life on Earth. While the easy availability of a large variety of organic building blocks of life has been shown in laboratory experiments, the major use of these organic compounds in living systems can be interpreted as being caused by evolution instead of a requirement for its onset. He suggested that the initial living organisms and the chemical evolution before them might have been centered on a chemistry that was completely distinct from what is seen now. The complex genetic systems currently found in living organisms evolved secondarily in a living organism employing a less effective primary system with a far better chance of spontaneous assembly. As genetic possibilities, Cairns-Smith proposed naturally occurring crystalline inorganic materials, i.e., minerals, with appropriate properties, e.g., the capacity to store and replicate information through defaults, dislocations, and substitutions. Clay minerals, e.g., kaolinite- and smectite-group minerals, are especially interesting since these clay minerals can form at relatively low temperatures in aqueous solutions produced from weathering products from various silicate rock types. 2b1af7f3a8