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77K Valid Lines.txt DOWNLOAD - https://byltly.com/2tl2LI Version:1.00 DownloadReleased: 25 December 1999Also see:Kermit 95 for Windows, C-Kermit for Unix and VMS, Embedded KermitThis page last updated:Sat Jul 31 19:22:36 2021(Changed all FTP links to HTTP and added the warning just below)Please visitthe G-Kermitpage at the new OpenSource Kermit Project to get G-Kermit 2.0, which has beenadapted to the newer C compilers and libraries. Version 1.0 buildsincreasingly fail with each year that passes as the C language andprogramming environment change out from underneath it.ContentsOVERVIEWINVOKING G-KERMITCOMMAND-LINE OPTIONSTHE MECHANICS OF FILE TRANSFERINTERRUPTING FILE TRANSFERTEXT AND BINARY TRANSFER MODEPATHNAMESFILENAME CONVERSIONFILENAME COLLISIONSKERMIT PROTOCOL DETAILSPROBLEMS, BUGS, ERRORSBUILDING G-KERMITINSTALLING G-KERMITDESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION NOTESFURTHER INFORMATIONDOWNLOADBOOTSTRAPPING1. OVERVIEW[Deutsch]G-Kermit is a Unix program for transferring files with the Kermit protocol. G-Kermit is a product of the Kermit Project atColumbia University in New Yorkcity. It is free software under the GNU General Public License.See the COPYING filefor details. Although G-Kermit was written for Unix, we are beginningto see ports of it to non-Unix platforms, so far including OS/2 andCP/M-68K.This software is OSI Certified Open Source Software.OSI Certified is a certification mark of theOpen Source Initiative.G-Kermit is:FastSmallPortableEasy to useInteroperableLow-maintenanceStable and reliableFeatures include:Text and binary file transfer on both 7-bit and 8-bit connectionsFiles can be transferred singly or in groupsAutomatic startup configuration via GKERMIT environment variableConfigurability as an external protocolKermit protocol features include:Automatic peer recognitionStreaming on reliable connectionsSelectable packet length, 40 to 9000 bytes (4000 default)Single shifts for 8-bit data on 7-bit connectionsControl-character prefixing for control-character transparencyControl-character unprefixing for increased speed (incoming only)Compression of repeated bytesPer-file and batch cancellationFeatures selectable on command line:Text or binary mode transferFilename conversion on/offFilename collision backup versus overwriteKeep or discard incompletely received filesPacket lengthPacket timeoutFlow controlParityStreamingMessagesDebuggingFeatures not included (see Section 14):Making connectionsCharacter-set translationInteractive commands and scriptingFile date-time stamps2. INVOKING G-KERMITG-Kermit is always on the \"far end\" of a connection, on a Unix system thatyou have made a connection to from a terminal emulator by dialup, network,or direct serial. If you have a direct or dialup serial connection intoUnix, use the \"stty -a\" or \"stty all\"command to see if your Unix terminaldriver is conditioned for the appropriate kind of flow control; if it isn't,very few applications (including gkermit) will work well, or at all. Thecommand for setting terminal flow control varies from platform to platform,but it is usually something like this:$ stty crtscts(where \"$ \" is the shell prompt) for RTS/CTS hardware flow control,or:$ stty ixon ixofffor Xon/Xoff \"software\" flow control. When you have a network connection,flow control is usually nothing to worry about, since the network protocol(TCP or X.25) takes care of it automatically, but on certain platforms (suchas HP-UX) the TCP/IP Telnet or Rlogin server uses this for flow controlbetween itself and the underlying pseudoterminal in which your session runs,so Xon/Xoff might be required for these sessions too.The G-Kermit binary is called \"gkermit\". It should be stored someplace inyour Unix PATH, such as /usr/local/bin/gkermit or somewhere in the/opt treeon System V R4. To run G-Kermit, just type \"gkermit\" followed by command-lineoptions that tell it what to do. If no options are given, G-Kermitprints a usage message listing the available options:G-Kermit CU-1.00, Columbia University, 1999-12-25: POSIX.Usage: gkermit [ options ]Options: -r Receive files -s fn Send files -g fn Get files from server -a fn As-name for single file -i Image (binary) mode transfer -T Text mode transfer -P Path/filename conversion disabled -w Write over existing files with same name -K Keep incompletely received files -p x Parity: x = o[dd],e[ven],m[ark],s[pace],n[one] -e n Receive packet-length (40-9000) -b n Timeout (sec, 0 = none) -x Force Xon/Xoff (--x = Don't force Xon/Xoff) -S Disable streaming -X External protocol -q Quiet (suppress messages) -d [fn] Debug to ./debug.log [or specified file] -h Help (this message)More info: If an option takes an argument, the argument is required; if an option doesnot take an argument, no argument may be given (exceptions: -d may ormay not take an argument; -s can take one or more arguments).The action options are -r, -s, and -g. Only oneaction option may be given.If no action options are given, G-Kermit does nothing (except possiblyprinting its usage message or creating a debug.log file). Here are someexamples (in which \"$ \" is the shell prompt):$ gkermit -s hello.c Sends the hello.c file.$ gkermit -s hello.* Sends all hello.* files.$ gkermit -r Waits for you to send a file to it.$ gkermit -g hello.c Gets the hello.c file from your computer.$ gkermit -g \\*.c Gets all *.c files from your computer.Options that do not take arguments can be \"bundled\" with other options.An option that takes an argument must always be followed by a space andthen its argument(s). Examples:$ gkermit -is hello.o Sends hello.o in binary mode.$ gkermit -dSr Receives with debugging and no streaming.G-Kermit's exit status is 0 if all operations succeeded and 1 if there wereany failures. If a group of files was transferred, the exit status is 1if one or more files were not successfully transferred and 0 if all of themwere transferred successfully.3. COMMAND-LINE OPTIONSfn = filename;n = number.-rRECEIVE: This option tells G-Kermit to receive a file or files;that is, to passively wait for you to send files from yourterminal emulator.-s fnSEND: This tells G-Kermit to send the file or files specified byfn, which can be a filename, a regular expression, or a list offilenames and/or regular expressions (wildcards). Regularexpressions are interpreted and expanded by your shell into thelist of names of files that is given to G-Kermit. For example\"*.c\" expands to a list of all files in the current directorywhose names end with \".c\".-g fnGET: This option tells G-Kermit to get a file (or files) from aKermit server. It is useful only when your terminal emulatorsupports the Kermit autodownload feature AND it includes a Kermitserver mode. It is equivalent to \"gkermit -r\", escapingback, telling your terminal emulator to send the given files, and thenreconnecting to Unix.-a fnAS-NAME: When used with -s, this option tells G-Kermit to sendthe file whose name is given as the first -s argument under thename fn. For example, \"gkermit -s game -a work\" sends the filecalled \"game\" under the name \"work\", so the receiver will thinkits name is \"work\". When given with the -r or -g command,the incoming file (or the first incoming file if there is more thanone) is stored under the name fn. In all cases, the given nameis used as-is; it is not converted.-iIMAGE (binary) mode transfer. When used with -s, tells G-Kermitto send in binary mode. When used with -r, tells G-Kermit toreceive in binary mode if the file sender does not specify thetransfer mode (text or binary). When used with -g, tellsG-Kermit to ask your terminal emulator's Kermit to send the givenfile in binary mode. See Section 6 for details.-TTEXT mode transfer (note uppercase T). When used with -s, tellsG-Kermit to send in text mode. When used with -r, tells G-Kermitto receive in text mode if the file sender does not specify thetransfer mode (text or binary). When used with -g, tells G-Kermitto ask your emulator's Kermit to send the given file in text mode.See Section 6 for details.-PPATH (filename) conversion disabled (note uppercase P).Normally when sending files, G-Kermit converts filenames to aform that should be acceptable to non-Unix platforms, primarilychanging lowercase letters to uppercase, ensuring there is nomore than one period, and replacing any \"funny\" characters by Xor underscore (explained in Section 8).-wWRITEOVER. When receiving, and an incoming file has the samename as an existing file, write over the existing file. Bydefault G-Kermit backs up the existing file by adding a suffixto its name (see Section 9).-KKEEP incompletely received files. Normally when receiving files,and a file transfer is interrupted, G-Kermit discards thepartially received file so you won't think you have the wholefile. Include -K on the command line to tell G-Kermit to keeppartially received files, e.g. \"gkermit -Kr\".-p xPARITY: Use the given kind of parity, where x can be 'n'for None (which is the default, for use on 8-bit-clean connections);'s' for Space, 'e' for Even, 'o' for Odd, and'm' for Mark. 's' might be needed on certain Telnetconnections; 'e', 'o', and 'm' are only for serialconnections; don't try them on TCP/IP connections.-e nPACKET LENGTH: Receive packet-length, where n can be any numberbetween 40 and 9000. The default length on most platforms is 4000. Use thisoption to specify a different length; usually this would be necessary only iftransfers fail using the default length due to some kind of buffering problemin the host or along the communication path. Example: \"gkermit-e 240 -r\".-b nTIMEOUT (sec, 0 = none). Specify the number of seconds to waitfor a packet before timing out and retransmitting. By default,G-Kermit uses whatever timeout interval your terminal emulator'sKermit asks it to use. No need to change this unless the timeoutaction causes problems.-xXON/XOFF. Force Xon/Xoff flow control in the Unix terminaldriver. Try this if uploads fail without it. But don't use itif you don't need to; on some platforms or connections it hurtsrather than helps.--xDon't force Xon/Xoff; for use when G-Kermit was built with theSETXONXOFF compile-time option (Section 12), to overridethe automatic setting of Xon/Xoff in case it interferes with filetransfers.-SSTREAMING disabled. Streaming is a high-performance option tobe used on reliable connections, such as in Telnet or Rloginsessions. It is used if your terminal emulator's Kermit requestsit. Use the -S option (note: uppercase S) to suppress thisfeature in case it causes trouble. Details in Section 10.-XEXTERNAL PROTOCOL. Include this option when invoking G-Kermitfrom another program that redirects G-Kermit's standard i/o,e.g. over a connection to another computer. If you omit thisswitch when using G-Kermit as an external protocol to anothercommunications program, G-Kermit is likely to perform illegaloperations and exit prematurely. If you include this switchwhen G-Kermit is NOT an external protocol to another program,file transfers will fail. G-Kermit has no way of determiningautomatically whether it is being used as an external protocol.-qQUIET. Suppresses messages.-dDEBUG. Use this for troubleshooting. It creates a file calleddebug.log in your current directory, to be used in conjunctionwith the source code, or sent to the Kermit support address foranalysis. More about this in Section 11.-d fnDEBUG to specified file (rather than default ./debug.log).-hHELP: Displays the usage message shown above.You may supply options to G-Kermit on the command line or through theGKERMIT environment variable, which can contain any valid gkermitcommand-line options. These are processed before the actual command-lineoptions and so can be overridden by them. Example for bash or ksh, whichyou can put in your profile if you want to always keep incomplete files,suppress streaming, suppress messages, and use Space parity: export GKERMIT=\"-K -S -q -p s\"G-Kermit's options are compatible with C-Kermit's, with the followingexceptions: -P (available only in C-Kermit 7.0 and later) -K (currently not used in C-Kermit) -b (used in C-Kermit for serial device speed) -S (used in C-Kermit to force an interactive command prompt) -x (used in C-Kermit to start server mode) --x (currently not used in C-Kermit) -X (currently not used in C-Kermit)4. THE MECHANICS OF FILE TRANSFERTo transfer files with G-Kermit you must be connected through a terminalemulator to the Unix system where G-Kermit is installed, meaning you areonline to Unix and have access to the shell prompt (or to some menu that hasan option to invoke G-Kermit), and your terminal emulator must support theKermit file transfer protocol. The connection can be serial (direct ordialed) or network (Telnet, Rlogin, X.25, etc).Sending FilesWhen you tell G-Kermit to SEND a file (or files), e.g. with: $ gkermit -Ts oofa.txtit pauses for a second and then sends its first packet. What happens nextdepends on the capabilities of your terminal emulator:If your emulator supports Kermitautodownloadsthen it receives thefile automatically and puts you back in the terminal screen when done.Otherwise, you'll need to take whatever action is required by youremulator to get its attention: a mouse action, a keystroke likeAlt-x,or a character sequence like Ctrl-\\or Ctrl-]followed by the letter\"c\" (this is called \"escaping back\") and then tell it to receive thefile. When the transfer is complete, you might have to instruct youremulator to go back to its terminal screen.During file transfer, most terminal emulators put up some kind of runningdisplay of the file transfer progress.Receiving FilesWhen you tell G-Kermit to RECEIVE, this requires you to escape back to yourterminal emulator and instruct it to send the desired file(s). Autodownloadis not effective in this case. When the transfer is complete, you'll needto instruct your emulator to return to its terminal screen.Getting FilesIf your terminal emulator supports Kermit autodownloads AND server mode, youcan use GET (\"gkermit -g files...\") rather thanRECEIVE (\"gkermit -r\"), andthe rest happens automatically, as when G-Kermit is sending.5. INTERRUPTING FILE TRANSFERG-Kermit supports file and group interruption. The method for interruptinga transfer depends on your terminal emulator. For example, while thefile-transfer display is active, you might type the letter 'x' to cancel thecurrent file and go on to the next one (if any), and the letter 'z' tocancel the group. Or there might be buttons you can click with your mouse.When G-Kermit is in packet mode and your terminal emulator is in itsterminal screen, you can also type three (3) Ctrl-C characters in a row tomake G-Kermit exit and restore the normal terminal modes.6. TEXT AND BINARY TRANSFER MODEWhen sending files in binary mode, G-Kermit sends every byte exactly as itappears in the file. This mode is appropriate for program binaries,graphics files, tar archives, compressed files, etc, and is G-Kermit'sdefault file-transfer mode when sending. When receiving files in binarymode, G-Kermit simply copies each byte to disk. (Obviously the bytes areencoded for transmission, but the encoding and decoding procedures give areplica of the original file after transfer.)When sending files in text mode, G-Kermit converts the record format to thecommon one that is defined for the Kermit protocol, namely lines terminatedby carriage return and linefeed (CRLF); the receiver converts the CRLFs towhatever line-end or record-format convention is used on its platform. Whenreceiving files in text mode, G-Kermit simply strips carriage returns,leaving only a linefeed at the end of each line, which is the Unixconvention.When receiving files, the sender's transfer mode (text or binary)predominates if the sender gives this information to G-Kermit in a KermitFile Attribute packet, which of course depends on whether your terminalemulator's Kermit protocol has this feature. Otherwise, if you gave a -i or-T option on the gkermit command line, the corresponding mode is used;otherwise the default mode (binary) is used.Furthermore, when either sending or receiving, G-Kermit and your terminalemulator's Kermit can inform each other of their OS type (Unix in G-Kermit'scase). If your emulator supports this capability, which is called\"automatic peer recognition\", and it tells G-Kermit that its platform isalso Unix, G-Kermit and the emulator's Kermit automatically switch intobinary mode, since no record-format conversion is necessary in this case.Automatic peer recognition is disabled automatically if you include the -i(image) or -T (text) option.When sending, G-Kermit sends all files in the same mode, text or binary.There is no automatic per-file mode switching. When receiving, however,per-file switching occurs automatically based on the incoming Attributepackets, if any (explained below), that accompany each file, so if thefile sender switches types between files, G-Kermit follows along.7. PATHNAMESWhen SENDING a file, G-Kermit obtains the filenames from the command line.It depends on the shell to expand metacharacters (wildcards and tilde).G-Kermit uses the full pathname given to find and open the file, but thenstrips the pathname before sending the name to the receiver. For example: $ gkermit -s /etc/hostsresults in an arriving file called \"HOSTS\" or \"hosts\" (the directory part,\"/etc/\", is stripped; see next section aboutcapitalization).However, if a pathname is included in the -a option, the directory partis not stripped: $ gkermit -s /etc/hosts -a /tmp/hostsThis example sends the /etc/hosts file but tells the receiver thatits name is \"/tmp/hosts\". What the receiver does with the pathnameis, of course, up to the receiver, which might have various options fordealing with incoming pathnames.When RECEIVING a file, G-Kermit does NOT strip the pathname, since incomingfiles normally do not include a pathname unless you told your terminal toinclude them or gave an \"as-name\" including a path when sending to G-Kermit.If the incoming filename includes a path, G-Kermit tries to store the filein the specified place. If the path does not exist, the transfer fails.The incoming filename can, of course, be superseded with the -a option.8. FILENAME CONVERSIONWhen sending a file, G-Kermit normally converts outbound filenames tocommon form: uppercase, no more than one period, and no funny characters.So, for example, gkermit.tar.gz would be sent asGKERMIT_TAR.GZ.When receiving a file, if the name is all uppercase, G-Kermit converts itto all lowercase. If the name contains any lowercase letters, G-Kermitleaves the name alone. Otherwise G-Kermit accepts filename characters asthey are, since Unix allows filenames to contain practically any characters.If the automatic peer recognition feature is available in the terminalemulator, and G-Kermit recognizes the emulator's platform as Unix, G-Kermitautomatically disables filename conversion and sends and accepts filenamesliterally.You can force literal filenames by including the -P option on the commandline.9. FILENAME COLLISIONSWhen G-Kermit receives a file whose name is the same as that of an existingfile, G-Kermit backs up the existing file by adding a unique suffix to itsname. The suffix is \".n\", where n is a number between1 and 999. This the same kind of backup suffix used by GNU EMACS and C-Kermit(both of which can be used to prune excess backup files). But since G-Kermitdoes not read directories (see Implementation Notes), itcan not guarantee that the number chosen will be higher than any other backupprefix number for the same file. In fact, the first free number, startingfrom 1, is chosen. If an incoming file already has a backup suffix, G-Kermitstrips it before adding a new one, rather than creating a file that has twobackup suffixes.To defeat the backup feature and have incoming files overwrite existingfiles of the same name, include the -w (writeover) option on the commandline.If G-Kermit has not been given the -w option and it fails to create abackup file, the transfer fails.10. KERMIT PROTOCOL DETAILSBlock checkG-Kermit uses the 3-byte, 16-bit CRC by default. If the other Kermitdoes not agree, both Kermits automatically drop down to the single-byte6-bit checksum that is required of all Kermit implementations.AttributesWhen sending files, G-Kermit conveys the file transfer mode and filesize in bytes to the receiver in an Attribute (A) packet if the use ofA-packets was negotiated. This allows the receiver to switch to theappropriate mode automatically, and to display the percent done, estimatedtime left, and/or a thermometer bar if it has that capability. Whenreceiving, G-Kermit looks in the incoming A-packet, if any, for thetransfer mode (text or binary) and switches itself accordingly on aper-file basis.Handling of the Eighth BitG-Kermit normally treats the 8th bit of each byte as a normal data bit.But if you have a 7-bit connection, transfers of 8-bit files fail unlessyou tell one or both Kermits to use the appropriate kind of parity, inwhich case Kermit uses single-shift escaping for 8-bit bytes. Generally,telling either Kermit is sufficient; it tells the other. Use the -poption to tell G-Kermit which parity to use. Locking shifts are notincluded in G-Kermit.Control-Character EncodingG-Kermit escapes all control characters when sending (for example,Ctrl-A becomes #A). When receiving, it accepts both escaped and barecontrol characters, including NUL (0). However, unescaped controlcharacters always present a danger, so if uploads to G-Kermit fail, tellyour terminal emulator's Kermit to escape most or all control characters(in C-Kermit and Kermit 95 the command is SET PREFIXING CAUTIOUS or SETPREFIXING ALL).Packet LengthAll legal packet lengths, 40-9000, are supported although a lowermaximum might be imposed on platforms where it is known that bigger onesdon't work. When receiving, G-Kermit sends its receive packet length tothe sender, and the sender must not send packets any longer than thislength. The default length for most platforms is 4000 and it may beoverridden with the -e command-line option.Sliding WindowsG-Kermit does not support sliding windows. Streaming is used instead.If the other Kermit bids to use sliding windows, G-Kermit declines.StreamingIf the terminal emulator's Kermit informs G-Kermit that it has areliable connection (such as TCP/IP or X.25), and the emulator's Kermitsupports streaming, then a special form of the Kermit protocol is usedin which data packets are not acknowledged; this allows the sender totransmit a steady stream of (framed and checksummed) data to thereceiver without waiting for acknowledgements, allowing the fastestpossible transfers. Streaming overcomes such obstacles as long roundtrip delays, unnecessary retransmissions on slow network connections,and most especially the TCP/IP Nagle and Delayed ACK heuristics whichare deadly to a higher-level ACK/NAK protocol. When streaming is in useon a particular connection, Kermit speeds are comparable to FTP. Thedrawback of streaming is that transmission errors are fatal; that's whystreaming is only used on reliable connections, which, by definition,guarantee there will be no transmission errors. However, watch out forthe relatively rare circumstance in which the emulator thinks it has areliable connection when it doesn't -- for example a Telnet connectionto a terminal server, and a dialout from the terminal server to thehost. Use the -S option on the command line to defeat streaming in suchsituations.Using all defaults on a TCP/IP connection on 10BaseT (10Mbps) Ethernet froma modern Kermit program like C-Kermit 7.0 or Kermit 95, typical transferrates are 150-1000Kcps, depending on the speed of the two computers and thenetwork load.11. PROBLEMS, BUGS, ERRORSIf file transfers fail:Make sure your terminal emulator is not unprefixing control characters;various control characters might cause trouble along the communicationpath. When in doubt, instruct the file sender to prefix all controlcharacters (e.g. SET PREFIXING ALL).Make sure your Unix terminal is conditioned for the appropriate kindof flow control.Use command-line options to back off on performance and transparency;use -S to disable streaming, -e to select a shorter packet length, -pto select space or other parity, -b to increase or disable the timeout,and/or establish the corresponding settings on your emulator.When receiving files in text mode, G-Kermit strips all carriage returns,even if they aren't part of a CRLF pair.If you have a TCP/IP connection (e.g. Telnet or Rlogin) to Unix from aterminal emulator whose Kermit protocol does not support streaming,downloads from G-Kermit are likely to be as much as 10 or even 100 timesslower than uploads if the TCP/IP stack engages in Nagle or Delayed ACKheuristics; typically, when your terminal emulator's Kermit protocol sendsan acknowledgment, the TCP stack holds on to it for (say) 1/5 second beforesending it, because it is \"too small\" to send right away.As noted in Section 9, the backup prefix is not guaranteedto be the highest number. For example, if you have files oofa.txt,oofa.txt.1, and oofa.txt.3 in your directory, and a newoofa.txt file arrives, the old oofa.txt is backed up tooofa.txt.2, rather than oofa.txt.4 as you might expect.This is because gkermit lacks directory reading capabilities, for reasonsnoted in Section 14, and without this, finding the highestexisting backup number for a file is impractical.If you send a file to G-Kermit with streaming active when the connection isnot truly reliable, all bets are off. A fatal error should occur promptly,but if huge amounts of data are lost, G-Kermit might never recognize a singledata packet and therefore not diagnose a single error; yet your terminalemulator keeps sending packets since no acknowledgments are expected; thetransfer eventually hangs at the end of file. Use -S on G-Kermit's commandline to disable streaming in situations where the terminal emulator requestsit in error.You can use G-Kermit's debug log for troubleshooting; this is useful mainlyin conjunction with the source code. But even if you aren't a C programmer,it should reveal any problem in enough detail to help pinpoint the cause ofthe failure. \"gkermit -d\" (with no action options) writes a short debug.logfile that shows the build options and settings.The debug log is also a packet log; to extract the packets from it, use: grep ^PKT debug.logPackets in the log are truncated to avoid wrap-around on your screen, andthey have the Ctrl-A packet-start converted to ^ and A to avoid triggeringa spurious autodownload when displaying the log on your screen.In certain circumstances it is not desirable or possible to use -d to createa log file called debug.log in the current directory; for example, if youdon't have write access to the current directory, or you already have adebug.log file that you want to keep (or transfer). In this case, you caninclude a filename argument after -d: gkermit -d /tmp/testing.log -s *.c(This is an exception to the rule that option arguments are not optional.)If all else fails, you can contact the Kermit Project for technical support;see: instructions.12. BUILDING G-KERMITG-Kermit is written to require the absolute bare minimum in system servicesand C-language features and libraries, and therefore should be portable topractically any Unix platform at all with any C compiler.When I wrote G-Kermit in 1999, I wanted it to serve as an example of aprogram that would last forever, and not need constant \"updates\" and\"upgrades\" and \"patches\" which are the hallmark of modern software culture,where stability is a forgotten concept in programming language designjust as backwards compatibility is in operating system and libraryreleases. But the world keeps changing out from under G-Kermit and everyother software program on every modern platform (unlike, for example, theIBM OS/MVS operating system for which I wrote software in 1970-somethingthat has never needed upgrades or updates or patches to keep working decadeafter decade). Anyway, in Unix the biggest change affecting G-Kermit ismigration of the errno variable from a simple int to some kind ofobject or macro defined in a header file. Thus the most common complaintfrom those trying to build G-Kermit on Linux or wherever is fatalcompilation or link-time errors involving errno. The solution is toinclude:-DERRNO_Hamong the compilation flags (this has always been documented towards theend of this web page, but most people don't read that far). Other errorsare increasingly reported that are solved by including ever more headerfiles in gkermit.h or elsewhere, e.g.:#include #include #include I'm not inclined to make a new release just because of bureaucraticreshuffling of header files or requirement of prototypes where they weren'trequired before, because disregard for stability should not berewarded. A program, once written, should stay written, so theprogrammer can go on to something new, rather than writing the same programover and over and over simply to \"comply\" with whatever new thing somebodydreamed up. Anyway, G-Kermit is GPL so anybody can change it however theywant. (Yes, the whole thing could just be engineered for autoconf,but autoconf is not available on all the platforms where G-Kermit is built.)The source files are: makefile The build procedure gwart.c Source code for a mini-lex substitute gproto.w G-Kermit protocol state machine to be preprocessed by gwart gkermit.h G-Kermit header file gkermit.c G-Kermit main module and routines gcmdline.c G-Kermit command-line parser gunixio.c Unix-specific i/o routinesA simple makefile isprovided, which can be used with make or gmake. There are three main targetsin the makefile:posixBuild for any POSIX.1 compliant platform (termios). This is thedefault target, used if you type \"make\" (or \"gmake\") alone. Thistarget works for most modern Unixes, including GNU/Linux, FreeBSD,OpenBSD, NetBSD, BSDI, HP-UX, Solaris, SunOS, Unixware, AIX, etc.sysvBuild for almost any AT&T System V platform (termio). Examplesinclude AT&T Unix releases, e.g. for the AT&T 7300, HP-UX versionsprior to 7.00.bsdBuild for any BSD (pre-4.4) or Unix V7 platform (sgtty). Examplesinclude NeXTSTEP 3.x, OSF/1, Ultrix-11, and 4.3BSD or earlier.Note that the target names are all lowercase; \"posix\" is the default target(the one used if you just type \"make\"). If the build fails with a messagelike:gunixio.c: 65: Can't find include file termios.h*** Error code 1then try \"make sysv\" or \"make bsd\". See the build list below for examples.Some special build targets are also provided:sysvxLike sysv but uses getchar()/putchar() for packet i/orather than buffered nonblocking read()/write(); this isnecessary for certain very old System V platforms (see description ofUSE_GETCHAR below).sttyWhen none of the other targets compiles successfully, try this one,which runs the external stty program rather than trying to useAPI calls to get/set terminal modes (system(\"stty raw -echo\") andsystem(\"stty -raw echo\")).Several maintenance/management targets are also included:cleanRemove object and intermediate files.installInstall gkermit (read the makefile before using this).uninstallUninstall gkermit from wherever \"make install\" installed it.The default compiler is cc. To override (e.g. to force the use of gcc oncomputers that have both cc and gcc installed, or that don't have cc), use:[g]make CC=gcc [target]No other tools beyond make, the C compiler and linker, a short list ofinvariant header files, and the standard C library are needed or used. Theresulting binary should be 100K or less on all hardware platforms (and 64Kor less on most; see list below).You may also specify certain build options by including a KFLAGS clause onthe make command line, e.g.:make \"KFLAGS=-DSETXONXOFF -DEXTRADEBUG\" sysvBy default, nonblocking buffered read() is used for packets; thistechnique works on most platforms but other options -- USE_GETCHAR and DUMBIO-- are provided when it doesn't work or when nonblocking i/o is not available.The build options include:__STDC__Include this when the compiler requires ANSI prototyping but doesdoes not define __STDC__ itself. Conversely, you might need toinclude -U__STDC__ if the compiler defines __STDC__ but does notsupport minimum ANSI features.ULONG=longInclude this if compilation fails with \"unknown type: unsigned long\".CHAR=charInclude this if compilation fails with \"unknown type: unsigned char\".SMALLDefine this when building on or for a \"small\" platform, for examplea 16-bit architecture.USE_GETCHARSpecifies that packet i/o should be done with (buffered) getchar()and putchar() rather than the default method of nonblocking,internally buffered read() and write(). Use this only whenG-Kermit does not build or run otherwise, since if the default i/o code isnot used, G-Kermit won't be able to do streaming.DUMBIOSpecifies that packet i/o should be done with blocking single-byteread() and write(). Use this only when G-Kermit doesn'tbuild or run, even with USE_GETCHAR.MAXRP=nnnChange the maximum receive-packet length to something other than thedefault, which is about 9000. You should change this only to make it smaller;making it bigger is not supported by the Kermit protocol.DEFRP=nnnChange the default receive packet length to something other than thedefault, which is 4000. Making it any bigger than this is not advised.TINBUFSIZ=nnnOn builds that use nonblocking buffered read(), override thedefault input buffer size of 4080.SETXONXOFFOn some platforms, mainly those based on System V R4 and earlier, it wasfound that receiving files was impossible on TCP/IP connections unlessthe terminal driver was told to use Xon/Xoff flow control. If downloadswork but uploads consistently fail (or fail consistently wheneverstreaming is used or the packet length is greater than a certain numberlike 100, or 775), try adding this option. When gkermit is built withthis option, it is equivalent to the user always giving the -x option onthe command line. (Most versions of HP-UX need this; it is definedautomatically at compile time if __hpux is defined.)ERRNO_H#include (rather than \"extern int errno;\").Include this if you get Unresolved Extern complaints about errno at link time.SIG_VThe data type of signal handlers is void. This is set automaticallyfor System V and POSIX builds.SIG_IThe data type of signal handlers is int. This is set automaticallyfor BSD builds.NOGETENVAdd this to disable the feature in which G-Kermit gets options fromthe GKERMIT environment variable.NOSTREAMINGAdd this to disable streaming.EXTRADEBUGThis adds a lot (a LOT) of extra information to the debug logregarding packet and character-level i/o.FULLPACKETSShow full packets in the debug log rather than truncating them.Any compiler warnings should be harmless. Examples include:\"Passing arg 2 of `signal' from incompatible pointer\"(or \"Argument incompatible with prototype\"):Because no two Unix platforms agree about signal handlers. Harmlessbecause the signal handler does not return a value that is used. Wedon't want to open the door to platform-specific #ifdefs just tosilence this warning. However, you can include -DSIG_I or -DSIG_Von the CC command line to override the default definitions.\"blah declared but never used\":Some function parameters are not used because they are just placeholdersor compatibility items, or even required by prototypes in system headers.Others might be declared in system header files (like mknod, lstat, etc,which are not used by G-Kermit).\"Do you mean equality\":No, in \"while ((c = *s++))\" the assignment really is intentional.\"Condition is always true\":Yes, \"while (1)\" is always true.\"Flow between cases\":Intentional.\"No flow into statement\":In gproto.c, because it is a case statement generated by machine,not written by a human.The coding conventions are aimed at maximum portability. For example:Only relatively short identifiers.No long character-string constants.Only #ifdef, #else, #endif, #define,and #undef preprocessor directives.Any code that uses ANSI features is enclosedin #ifdef __STDC__ ... #endif.No gmake-specific constructs in the makefile.Here are some sample builds: Platform Size Target Notes Apple Mac OS X 1.0 gcc: 48K posix (AKA Rhapsody 5.5) AT&T 3B2/300 SVR2 cc: 52K sysv (4) AT&T 6300 PLUS cc: 61K sysv (6) AT&T 7300 UNIX PC cc: 43K sysv AT&T 7300 UNIX PC gcc: 58K sysv (25K with shared lib) BSDI 4.0.1 gcc: 34K posix DEC 5000 MIPS Ultrix 4.3 cc: 104K posix DEC Alpha Digital UNIX 3.2 cc: 98K bsd (AKA OSF/1) (1) DEC Alpha Tru64 UNIX 4.0e cc: 82K bsd (1) DEC PDP-11 2.11BSD cc: 40K bsd211 (7) DEC PDP-11 Ultrix 3.0 cc: 40K bsd211 (9) DEC VAX 4.3BSD cc: 46K bsd DEC VAX Ultrix 3.0 cc: 43K bsd DG/UX 5.4R4.11 gcc: 51K posix DYNIX/ptx 4.4.2 cc: 43K posix FreeBSD 3.3 gcc: 34K posix GNU/Linux RH 5.2 gcc: 35K posix (RH = Red Hat) GNU/Linux SW 3.5 gcc: 34K posix (SW = Slackware) HP-UX 5.21 cc: 55K sysv (2) HP-UX 6.5 cc: 40K sysv (5) HP-UX 7.05 cc: 50K posix HP-UX 8.00 gcc: 33K posix HP-UX 9.05 cc: 57K posix HP-UX 10.01 cc: 57K posix HP-UX 10.20 cc: 61K posix IBM AIX 2.2.1 RT PC IBM cc: 62K sysv IBM AIX 3.2 IBM cc: 62K posix IBM AIX 4.1.3 IBM cc: 67K posix Intergraph Clipper acc: 80K sysv (8) Motorola 68K SV/68 R3.6 cc: 58K sysv (4) Motorola 88K SV/88 R4.3 cc: 45K posix NetBSD 1.4.1 gcc: 41K posix NeXTSTEP m68k 3.1 gcc: 77K bsd (3) OPENSTEP m68k 4.2 gcc: 77K bsd (3) OpenBSD 2.5 gcc: 47K posix QNX 4.25 cc: 33K posix Red Hat 9 i386 gcc: 47K posix KFLAGS=-DERRNO_H SCO XENIX 2.3.4 cc: 41K sysv (4) SCO UNIX 3.2v4.2 cc: 73K posix SCO UNIX 3.2v4.2 gcc: 61K posix SCO ODT 3.0 cc: 97K posix SCO OSR5.0.5 gcc: 42K posix SCO Unixware 2.1.3 cc: 38K posix SGI IRIX 5.3 cc: 86K posix SGI IRIX 6.5.4 cc: 91K posix SINIX 5.42 MIPS cc: 57K posix Solaris 2.4 cc: 50K posix Solaris 7 cc: 52K posix SunOS 4.1.3 cc: 57K posix SunOS 4.1.3 gcc: 64K posix Notes:\"make posix\" builds without complaint on OSF/1 (DigitalUNIX (Tru64)) but it doesn't work -- i/o hangs or program dumps core. \"makebsd\" works fine.POSIX APIs not available in this antique OS (circa 1983). Also dueto limited terminal input buffering capacity, streaming must bedisabled and relatively short packets must be used when receiving:\"gkermit -Se 250 -r\". However, it can use streaming when sending.POSIX APIs not available. Include KFLAGS=-DSIG_V if you get a lotof warnings about signal().On System V R3 and earlier, EWOULDBLOCK is not defined, so we useEGAIN instead. No special build procedures needed.Built with 'make -i \"KFLAGS=-DDEFRP=512-DUSE_GETCHAR\" sysv'. It can be built without-DUSE_GETCHAR but doesn't work.Use 'make \"CC=cc -Ml \"KFLAGS=-DUSE_GETCHAR\"sysv'. It builds but doesn't work, reason unknown, but probablybecause it was never designed to be accessed remotely in the first place.This is a 16-bit architecture. A special makefile target is neededbecause its make program does not expand the $(CC) value when invokingsecond-level makes. Packet and buffer sizes are reduced to keepstatic data within limits. Overlays are not needed.Use 'make \"CC=acc\" sysv'.Identifiers must be unique within the first 7 characters. Unfortunately,there is a conflict in gproto.w between streamon() andstreamok. Build with 'make bsd211 \"KFLAGS=-Dstreamon=strmon -DULONG=long -DSMALL\"'.This was on a PDP-11/23+ without I&D space. -DSMALL might not benecessary with I&D space. When using, disable streaming and useshorter-than-usual packets.13. INSTALLING G-KERMITThe makefile creates a binary called \"gkermit\". Simply move this binary tothe desired directory, such as /usr/local/bin. It needs no specialpermissions other than read, write, and execute for the desired users andgroups: no setuid, no setgid, or any other form of privilege.DO NOT give SETUID or SETGID privilege to G-Kermit. G-Kermit is not adialout program. It does not access serial devices or UUCP lockfiles, and itdoes not do real/effective ID switching. If you give it SETUID or SETGIDprivilege, this will open restricted files and directories to users whootherwise do not have access, and incoming files will be created with thewrong owner and/or group.The executable should becalled \"gkermit\" and not \"kermit\", since \"kermit\" is the binary name forC-Kermit, and the two are likely to be installed side by side on the samecomputer; even when they are not, consistent naming is better for supportand sanity purposes. There is also a short man page:gkermit.nrYou can view it with:nroff -man gkermit.nr moreRename and store it appropriately so users can access it with 'man gkermit'.In addition, the README should be made available in a public documentationdirectory as:gkermit.txtThe makefile includes a sample 'install' target that does all this.Please read it before use to be sure the appropriate directories andpermissions are indicated. There is also an 'uninstall' target to undo aninstallation. Obviously you need write access to the relevant directoriesbefore you can install or uninstall G-Kermit.14. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION NOTESA primary objective in developing G-Kermit is that it can be released andused forever without constant updates to account for platform idiosyncraciesand changes. For this reason, certain features have been deliberatelyomitted:File timestamps. The methods for dealing with internal time formatsare notoriously unportable and also a moving target, especially nowwith the 32-bit internal time format rollover looming in 2038 and thetime_t data type changing out from under us. Furthermore, byexcluding any date-handling code, G-Kermit is automatically Y2K, 2038, and Y10K\"compliant\".Internal wildcard expansion, recursive directory traversal, etc. Evenafter more than 30 years (no, make that 40),there is still no standard and portable service in Unix for this.Server mode, because it would require internal wildcard expansion.Hardware flow control, millisecond sleeps, nondestructive input bufferpeeking, threads, select(), file permissions, etc etc.Other features are omitted to keep the program small and simple, and toavoid creeping featurism:Sliding windows. This technique is more complicated than streaming butnot as fast, and furthermore would increase the program size by afactor of 5 or 10 due to buffering requirements.An interactive command parser and scripting language (because usersalways want more and more commands and features).Character set conversion (because users always want more and morecharacter sets). Adding character set support would increase theprogram size by a factor of 2 to 4, depending on the selection of sets.Making connections (because this requires huge amounts of tricky andunstable high-maintenance platform- and device-specific code for serialports, modems, modem signals, network stacks and protocols, etc).Security. Not needed since G-Kermit does not make connections. WhenG-Kermit is on the far end of a secure connection (Telnet, SSH, Rlogin),the security is handled by the connecting client and the Telnet, SSH, orRlogin server.All of the above can be found in C-Kermit, which istherefore bigger and more complicated, with more platform-specific code and#ifdef spaghetti. C-Kermit requires constant updates and patches tokeep pace with changes in the underlying platforms, networking and securitymethods, and demands from its users for more features.The goal for G-Kermit, on the other hand, is simplicity and stability, so wedon't need thousands of #ifdefs like we have in C-Kermit, and wedon't need to tweak the code every time a new release of each Unix varietycomes out. G-Kermit is meant to be PORTABLE and LONG-LASTING so the stress ison a MINIMUM of platform dependencies.If you make changes, please try to avoid adding anything platform-dependent orin any other way destabilizing. Bear in mind that the result of your changesshould still build and run successfully on at least all the platforms whereG-Kermit was built originally. In any case, you are encouraged to send anychanges back to the Kermit Project to be considered for addition to the masterG-Kermit distribution.15. FURTHER INFORMATIONThe Kermit protocol is specified in Kermit, A File TransferProtocol by Frank da Cruz, Digital Press (1987). A correctness proofof the Kermit protocol appears in Specification and ValidationMethods, edited by Egon Börger, Oxford University Press (1995).Using C-Kermit by Frank da Cruz andChristine M. Gianone, Digital Press (1997, or later edition) explains many ofthe terms and techniques referenced in this document in case you are notfamiliar with them, and also includes tutorials on data communications,extensive troubleshooting and performance tips, etc. Various other books onKermit are available from Digital Press.Online resources include: The Kermit Project website The GNU Project websitecomp.protocols.kermit.misc The unmoderated Kermit newsgroupThe ANNOUNCE file G-Kermit announcementskermit-support@columbia.edu Kermit technical supportPlease read before sending e-mail to the tech support address.16. DOWNLOADInstall packages are available for the following platforms:gkermit-1.0-1.i386.rpm Red Hat Linux 6.0 and later, Intel (PC) CPUgkermit-1.0-1.5.2.alpha.rpm Red Hat Linux 5.2 and later, Alpha CPUgkermit-1.0-1.alpha.rpm Red Hat Linux 6.0 and later, Alpha CPUgkermit-1.0-1.sparc.rpm Red Hat Linux 6.0 and later, Sparc CPUgkermit-1.0-1.src.rpm Red Hat Linux 6.0 and later, source codeThe NetBSD packages collection (about 25 different G-Kermit configurations available)gkermit_aix432-1_0_0_0.exe IBM / Bull AIX 4.3.2, Power CPUThe AIX version is a self-extracting ZIP archive that produces a bff file thatcan be installed with smit.Source-code archives are listed just below.If you have a C compiler, you should download the source archive, uncompressif it was compressed or gunzip if it was gzipped, unpack the tar archive with\"tar xf gku100.tar\", and then build from source code as explainedin Section 12. If you don't have a C compiler, downloadthe appropriate prebuilt binary, rename it to \"gkermit\", and give it executepermission (\"chmod +x gkermit\"). See Section 13for installation instructions. Filename Description gku100.tar.gz G-Kermit source tar archive, gzipped (62K) gku100.tar.Z G-Kermit source tar archive, compressed (90K) gku100.tar G-Kermit source tar archive, not compressed (212K) gku100.zip G-Kermit source ZIP archive (81K) gkermit68k.tar.gz G-Kermit sources, binaries, docs for CP/M-68K (117K) kermit/g/ Individual source and doc files (text)Individual binaries are also available for thosewho need them (contact us ifyou can make any that are not listed): Filename Description gku100.alpha-osf1-1.3 DEC Alpha with OSF/1 1.3 gku100.alpha-du-3.2 DEC Alpha with Digital UNIX 3.2 gku100.alpha-du-3.2c DEC Alpha with Digital UNIX 3.2C gku100.alpha-du-3.2d DEC Alpha with Digital UNIX 3.2D gku100.alpha-du-3.2g DEC Alpha with Digital UNIX 3.2G gku100.alpha-du-4.0b DEC Alpha with Digital UNIX 4.0B gku100.alpha-du-4.0c DEC Alpha with Digital UNIX 4.0C gku100.alpha-du-4.0d DEC Alpha with Digital UNIX 4.0D gku100.alpha-tru64-4.0e DEC Alpha with Tru64 UNIX 4.0E gku100.alpha-tru64-4.0f DEC Alpha with Tru64 UNIX 4.0F gku100.alpha-tru64-5.0a DEC Alpha with Tru64 UNIX 5.0A gku100.alpha-tru64-5.1 DEC Alpha with Tru64 UNIX 5.1 gku100.alpha-tru64-5.1a DEC Alpha with Tru64 UNIX 5.1A gku100.alpha-freebsd-3.4 DEC Alpha with FreeBSD 3.4 gku100.alpha-freebsd-4.4 DEC Alpha with FreeBSD 4.4 gku100.alpha-freebsd-4.5 DEC Alpha with FreeBSD 4.5 gku100.alpha-freebsd-4.6 DEC Alpha with FreeBSD 4.6 gku100.alpha-freebsd-4.7 DEC Alpha with FreeBSD 4.7 gku100.alpha-freebsd-6.0 DEC (HP) Alpha with FreeBSD 6.0 gku100.alpha-linux-db2.2 DEC Alpha with Linux Debian 2.2 gku100.alpha-linux-db3.0 DEC Alpha with Linux Debian 3.0 gku100.alpha-linux-rh5.2 DEC Alpha with Linux Red Hat 5.2 gku100.alpha-linux-rh6.1 DEC Alpha with Linux Red Hat 6.1 gku100.alpha-linux-rh6.2 DEC Alpha with Linux Red Hat 6.2 gku100.alpha-linux-rh7.1 DEC Alpha with Linux Red Hat 7.1 gku100.alpha-linux-su6.1 DEC Alpha with Linux SuSE 6.1 gku100.alpha-linux-su6.3 DEC Alpha with Linux SuSE 6.3 gku100.alpha-linux-su6.4 DEC Alpha with Linux SuSE 6.4 gku100.alpha-linux-su7.1 DEC Alpha with Linux SuSE 7.1 gku100.alpha-netbsd-1.4 DEC Alpha with NetBSD 1.4 gku100.alpha-netbsd-1.5.1 DEC Alpha with NetBSD 1.5.1 gku100.alpha-netbsd-1.5.2 DEC Alpha with NetBSD 1.5.2 gku100.alpha-netbsd-1.6 DEC Alpha with NetBSD 1.6 gku100.amd64-freebsd-6.1 AMD_64 with FreeBSD 6.1 gku100.armle-qnx-6.21 ARM platforms (Little Endian) QNX 6.21B gku100.armv41-linux-ipaq-db2.1 Compaq iPAQ H3650 Debian 2.1 gku100.armv41-linux-shark-db2.1 Compaq SA-110 Shark Palmtop gku100.armv41-linux-zaurus-sl550 Sharp Zaurus SL5500 Palmtop gku100.att3b2-sysv-3.1 AT&T 3B2/200 with System V R3.1 gku100.att7300-sysv-3.51 AT&T 7300 UNIX PC (3B1) with System V R3.51 gku100.clipper-clix-3.1 Intergraph InterPro 2020 with CLIX 3.1V7.6.27 gku100.cray_ymp-unicos-9.0 Cray Y-MP EL with UNICOS 9.0.2.2 gku100.hp9000s300-netbsd-1.3.1 HP 9000 Model 300 with NetBSD 1.3.1 gku100.hp9000s500-hpux-5.21 HP 9000 Model 550 with HP-UX 5.21 gku100.hp9000s300-hpux-6.5 HP 9000 Model 3xx with HP-UX 6.5 gku100.hp9000s300-hpux-7.05 HP 9000 Model 3xx with HP-UX 7.05 gku100.hp9000s300-hpux-8.00 HP 9000 Model 3xx with HP-UX 8.00 gku100.hp9000s400-hpux-8.00 HP 9000 Model 4xx with HP-UX 8.00 gku100.hp9000s300-hpux-9.03 HP 9000 Model 3xx with HP-UX 9.03 gku100.hp9000s700-hpux-9.05 HP 9000 Model 7xx with HP-UX 9.05 gku100.hp9000s700-hpux-9.07 HP 9000 Model 7xx with HP-UX 9.07 gku100.hp9000s300-hpux-9.10 HP 9000 Model 3xx with HP-UX 9.10 gku100.hp9000s700-hpux-10.01 HP 9000 Model 7xx with HP-UX 10.01 gku100.hp9000s700-hpux-10.20 HP 9000 Model 7xx with HP-UX 10.20 gku100.hp9000s800-hpux-10.20 HP 9000 Model 8xx with HP-UX 10.20 gku100.hp9000s700-hpux-11.00 HP 9000 Model 7xx with HP-UX 11.00 gku100.hp9000s800-hpux-11.00 HP 9000 Model 8xx with HP-UX 11.00 gku100.hp9000s700-hpux-11.11 HP 9000 Model 7xx with HP-UX 11.11 gku100.hp9000s800-hpux-11.11 HP 9000 Model 8xx with HP-UX 11.11 gku100.hp9000s800-hpux-11i-v2 HP 9000 Model 8xx with HP-UX 11i v2 gku100.i386-aix-1.2.1 PC (PS/2) with AIX 1.2.1 gku100.i386-beos-4.5 PC with BeOS 4.5 gku100.i386-bsdi-4.0.1 PC with BSDI/OS 4.0.1 gku100.i386-bsdi-4.1 PC with BSDI/OS 4.1 gku100.i386-bsdi-4.2 PC with BSDI/OS 4.2 gku100.i386-bsdi-4.3 PC with BSDI/OS 4.3 gku100.i386-coherent-4.2 PC with Mark Williams Coherent 4.2 gku100.i386-dgux54420 PC with DG/UX 5.4R4.20 gku100.i386-dynixptx-4.4.2 PC with Sequent DYNIX/ptx 4.4.2 gku100.i386-freebsd-1.0 PC with FreeBSD 1.0 gku100.i386-freebsd-2.2.7 PC with FreeBSD 2.2.7 gku100.i386-freebsd-2.2.8 PC with FreeBSD 2.2.8 gku100.i386-freebsd-3.1 PC with FreeBSD 3.1 gku100.i386-freebsd-3.3 PC with FreeBSD 3.3 gku100.i386-freebsd-3.4 PC with FreeBSD 3.4 gku100.i386-freebsd-4.0 PC with FreeBSD 4.0 gku100.i386-freebsd-4.2 PC with FreeBSD 4.2 gku100.i386-freebsd-4.3 PC with FreeBSD 4.3 gku100.i386-freebsd-4.4 PC with FreeBSD 4.4 gku100.i386-freebsd-4.5 PC with FreeBSD 4.5 gku100.i386-freebsd-4.6 PC with FreeBSD 4.6 gku100.i386-freebsd-4.7 PC with FreeBSD 4.7 gku100.i386-freebsd-4.8 PC with FreeBSD 4.8 gku100.i386-freebsd-5.0 PC with FreeBSD 5.0 gku100.i386-is5r3-4.1.1 PC with Interactive UNIX System V/386 R3.2 R4.1.1 gku100.i386-linux-ca3.1 PC with Caldera GNU/Linux 3.1 gku100.i386-linux-db2.1 PC with Debian GNU/Linux 2.1 gku100.i386-linux-db2.2 PC with Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 gku100.i386-linux-db3.0 PC with Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 gku100.i386-linux-md9.0 PC with Mandrake GNU/Linux 9.0 gku100.i386-linux-rh5.1 PC with Red Hat GNU/Linux 5.1 gku100.i386-linux-rh5.2 PC with Red Hat GNU/Linux 5.2 gku100.i386-linux-rh6.1 PC with Red Hat GNU/Linux 6.1 gku100.i386-linux-rh6.2 PC with Red Hat GNU/Linux 6.2 gku100.i386-linux-rh7.0 PC with Red Hat GNU/Linux 7.0 gku100.i386-linux-rh7.1 PC with Red Hat GNU/Linux 7.1 gku100.i386-linux-rh7.2 PC with Red Hat GNU/Linux 7.2 gku100.i386-linux-rh8.0 PC with Red Hat GNU/Linux 8.0 gku100.i386-linux-rh9 PC with Red Hat GNU/Linux 9 gku100.i386-linux-ra2.1 PC with Red Hat Advanced Server 2.1 gku100.i386-linux-su5.3 PC with SuSE GNU/Linux 5.3 gku100.i386-linux-su6.1 PC with SuSE GNU/Linux 6.1 gku100.i386-linux-su6.2 PC with SuSE GNU/Linux 6.2 gku100.i386-linux-su6.3 PC with SuSE GNU/Linux 6.3 gku100.i386-linux-su6.4 PC with SuSE GNU/Linux 6.4 gku100.i386-linux-su7.0 PC with SuSE GNU/Linux 7.0 gku100.i386-linux-su7.3 PC with SuSE GNU/Linux 7.3 gku100.i386-linux-sw3.4 PC with Slackware GNU/Linux 3.4 gku100.i386-linux-sw3.5 PC with Slackware GNU/Linux 3.5 gku100.i386-linux-sw4.0 PC with Slackware GNU/Linux 4.0 gku100.i386-linux-sw7.0 PC with Slackware GNU/Linux 7.0 gku100.i386-linux-sw7.1 PC with Slackware GNU/Linux 7.1 gku100.i386-linux-sw8.0 PC with Slackware GNU/Linux 8.0 gku100.i386-linux-sw9.0 PC with Slackware GNU/Linux 9.0 gku100.i386-linux-tu6.5 PC with TurboLinux 6.5 gku100.i386-linux-tu7.0 PC with TurboLinux 7.0 gku100.i386-minix-2.0.2 PC with Minix 2.0.2 (32-bit) gku100.i386-mpras-2.03 PC with NCR MP-RAS 2.03 gku100.i386-mpras-3.02 PC with NCR MP-RAS 3.02 gku100.i386-netbsd-1.4p PC with NetBSD 1.4P (ELF) gku100.i386-netbsd-1.4.1 PC with NetBSD 1.4.1 gku100.i386-netbsd-1.5.2 PC with NetBSD 1.5.2 gku100.i386-netbsd-1.5.4 PC with NetBSD 1.5.4 gku100.i386-netbsd-1.6 PC with NetBSD 1.6 gku100.i386-openbsd-2.5 PC with OpenBSD 2.5 gku100.i386-openbsd-2.9 PC with OpenBSD 2.9 gku100.i386-openbsd-3.0 PC with OpenBSD 3.0 gku100.i386-openbsd-3.1 PC with OpenBSD 3.1 gku100.i386-openbsd-3.2 PC with OpenBSD 3.2 gku100.i386-os2-3.0 PC with IBM OS/2 3.0 and EMX 0.9c gku100.i386-plan9 PC with Plan 9 from Bell Labs gku100.i286-qnx-4.25 PC with QNX 4.x (16 bit) gku100.i386-qnx-4.25 PC with QNX 4.25 (32 bit) gku100.i386-qnxnto-2 PC with QNX Neutrino 2+ gku100.i386-qnx-6.1 PC with QNX 6.1 gku100.i386-qnx-6.21 PC with QNX 6.21B gku100.i386-scoxenix-2.3.4 PC with SCO XENIX 2.3.4 gku100.i386-scounix-3.2v4.2 PC with SCO UNIX 3.2v4.2 gku100.i386-scoodt-3.0 PC with SCO ODT 3.0 gku100.i386-scoosr5-5.0.2 PC with SCO OSR5.0.2 gku100.i386-scoosr5-5.0.4 PC with SCO OSR5.0.4 gku100.i386-scoosr5-5.0.5 PC with SCO OSR5.0.5 gku100.i386-scoosr5-5.0.6 PC with SCO OSR5.0.6 gku100.i386-scoosr5-5.0.7 PC with SCO OSR5.0.7 gku100.i386-scoosr6-6.0.0 PC with SCO OSR6.0.0 gku100.i386-scoou8-8.0.0 PC with SCO Open Unix 8.0.0 gku100.i386-scoou8-8.0.1 PC with SCO Open Unix 8.0.1 gku100.i386-sinix-5.41 PC with Siemens Nixdorf SINIX-L 5.41 gku100.i386-solaris-2.5.1 PC with Solaris 2.5.1 gku100.i386-solaris-2.6 PC with Solaris 2.6 gku100.i386-solaris-8 PC with Solaris 8 gku100.i386-solaris-9 PC with Solaris 9 gku100.i386-solaris-10 PC with Solaris 10 gku100.i386-unixware-2.1.0 PC with UnixWare 2.1.0 gku100.i386-unixware-2.1.3 PC with UnixWare 2.1.3 gku100.i386-unixware-7.0.1 PC with UnixWare 7.0.1 gku100.i386-unixware-7.1.0 PC with UnixWare 7.1.0 gku100.i386-unixware-7.1.1 PC with UnixWare 7.1.1 gku100.i386-unixware-7.1.3 PC with UnixWare 7.1.3 gku100.ia64-hpux-11.22 IA64 (Itanium) with HP-UX 11.22i v2 gku100.ia64-hpux-11.23 IA64 (Itanium) with HP-UX 11.23i v2 gku100.ia64-linux-db3.0 IA64 (Itanium) with Debian Linux 3.0 gku100.ia64-linux-rh7.1 IA64 (Itanium) with Red Hat Linux 7.1 gku100.ia64-linux-rh7.2 IA64 (Itanium) with Red Hat Linux 7.2 gku100.ia64-linux-su7.2 IA64 (Itanium) with SuSE Linux 7.2 gku100.m68k-linux-db2.1 Motorola 680x0 with Linux Debian 2.1 gku100.m68k-linux-db2.2 Motorola 680x0 with Linux Debian 2.2 gku100.m68k-netbsd-1.4.2a Motorola 680x0 with NetBSD 1.4.2-Alpha gku100.m68k-cpm68k-1.2 Motorola 68020 with CP/M-68K 1.2 (rename to gkermit.rel) gku100.m68k-sv68-r3.6 Motorola MVME 147 68K, System V/68 R3V6 gku100.mvme68k-netbsd-1.5.2 Motorola MVME 147 or 167 m68k, NetBSD 1.5.2 gku100.m68k-nextstep-3.1 NeXTstation with NeXTSTEP 3.1 gku100.m68k-nextstep-3.3 NeXTstation with NeXTSTEP 3.3 gku100.m68k-openstep-4.2 NeXTstation with OPENSTEP 4.2 gku100.m68k-tandy6000-xenix-3.0 Tandy 16/6000 Microsoft XENIX 3.02.00 gku100.m88k-dgux-5.4r3.10 Data General AViiON 88110 with DG/UX 5.4R3.10 gku100.m88k-dgux-5.4r4.11 Data General AViiON 88110 with DG/UX 5.4R4.11 gku100.m88k-sv88-r4.3 Motorola MVME 187 88K, System V R4 V4.3 gku100.m88k-sv88-r4.4 Motorola MVME 187 88K, System V R4 V4.4 gku100.mips-irix-5.3 SGI with IRIX 5.3 (MIPS-1) gku100.mips-irix-6.2 SGI with IRIX 6.2 (MIPS-2) gku100.mips-irix-6.3 SGI with IRIX 6.3 (MIPS-2) gku100.mips-irix-6.2-n32 SGI with IRIX 6.2 (MIPS-3) gku100.mips-irix-6.2-64 SGI with IRIX 6.2 (64-bit) gku100.mips-irix-6.5.2 SGI with IRIX 6.5.2 gku100.mips-irix-6.5.4 SGI with IRIX 6.5.4 gku100.mips-irix-6.5.6 SGI with IRIX 6.5.6 gku100.mips-irix-6.5.10 SGI with IRIX 6.5.10 gku100.mips-be-qnx-6.21 MIPS platforms (Big Endian) QNX 6.21B gku100.mips-le-qnx-6.21 MIPS platforms (Little Endian) QNX 6.21B gku100.mips-sinix-5.42 Siemens Nixdorf RM200 with SINIX 5.42 gku100.mips-reliant-5.43 Siemens Nixdorf RM600 with Reliant UNIX 5.43 gku100.mips-reliant-5.44 Siemens Nixdorf RM600 with Reliant UNIX 5.44 gku100.mips-linux-db3.0 DECstation 5000 with Debian Linux 3.0 gku100.mips-linux-gentoo-1.4.16 SGI Indy-200 with Gentoo Linux 1.4.16 gku100.mips-netbsd-1.4.1 DECstation 5000 with NetBSD 1.4.1 gku100.mips-ultrix-4.3 DECstation 5000 with Ultrix 4.3 gku100.mips-ultrix-4.3a DECstation 5000 with Ultrix 4.3A gku100.pdp11-bsd-2.11 DEC PDP-11/44() with 2.11BSD gku100.pdp11-ultrix11-3.0 DEC PDP-11/23+ with Ultrix-11 3.0 (no I&D) gku100.vax-bsd-4.2 DEC VAX with 4.2BSD gku100.vax-bsd-4.3 DEC VAX with 4.3BSD gku100.vax-ultrix-3.0 DEC VAX with Ultrix 3.0 gku100.vax-ultrix-4.5 DEC VAX with Ultrix 4.5 gku100.parisc-ftx-3.4 Stratus Continuum (PA-RISC), FTX 3.4 gku100.ppc-linux-db2.2 Apple Power Mac with Linux Debian 2.2 gku100.ppc-linux-yd2.3 Apple Power Mac with Linux Yellow Dog 2.3 gku100.ppc-linuxppc-1999q2 Apple Power Mac with LinuxPPC 1999 Q2 gku100.ppc-linuxppc-2000q4 Apple Power Mac with LinuxPPC 2000 Q4 gku100.ppc-linux-su6.3 Apple Power Mac with Linux SuSE 6.3 gku100.ppc-linux-su6.4 Apple Power Mac with Linux SuSE 6.4 gku100.ppc-macosx-1.0 Apple Power Mac with Mac OS X 1.0 (Rhapsody 5.5) gku100.ppc-macosx-10.1.1 Apple Power Mac with Mac OS X 10.1.1 gku100.ppc-darwin-1.3.3 Apple Power Mac with Apple Darwin 1.3.3 gku100.ppc-darwin-5.3 Apple Power Mac with Apple Darwin 5.3 gku100.ppc-macosx-10.2 Apple Power Mac with Mac OS X 10.2 gku100.ppc-beos-4.5 BeBox, BeOS 4.5 gku100.ppc-powermax-5.1 Concurrent PowerMAX OS 5.1 gku100.ppc-qnx-6.21 PowerPC (Big Endian) QNX 6.21B gku100.rtpc-aix-2.2.1 IBM RT PC, AIX 2.2.1 gku100.rtpc-aos-4.3 IBM RT PC, AOS 4.3BSD gku100.rs6000-aix-3.2.0 IBM Power Series with AIX 3.2.0 gku100.rs6000-aix-3.2.5 IBM Power Series with AIX 3.2.5 gku100.ppc-aix-4.1.3 IBM Power Series with AIX 4.1.3 gku100.ppc-aix-4.1.5 IBM Power Series with AIX 4.1.5 gku100.ppc-aix-4.2.1 IBM Power Series with AIX 4.2.1 gku100.ppc-aix-4.3.2 IBM Power Series with AIX 4.3.2 gku100.ppc-aix-4.3.3 IBM Power Series with AIX 4.3.3 gku100.ppc-aix-5.1 IBM Power Series with AIX 5.1 gku100.pyramid-dcosx-1.1 Pyramid MIS-ES6/1024 SMP DC-OSx1.1-95c087.4 gku100.s390-linux390 IBM System/390 with Linux/390 gku100.s390-linux-su7.0 IBM System/390 with SuSE Linux 7.0 gku100.sh4-qnx-6.21 SH4 platforms (Little Endian) QNX 6.21B gku100.sun3-sunos-4.1.1 Sun/3 with SunOS 4.1.1 gku100.sparc-linux-db2.2 Sun Sparc with Linux Debian 2.2 gku100.sparc-linux-rh6.1 Sun Sparc with Linux Red Hat 6.1 gku100.sparc-linux-rh6.2 Sun Sparc with Linux Red Hat 6.2 gku100.sparc-linux-su7.1 Sun Sparc with Linux SuSE Linux 7.1 gku100.sparc-netbsd-1.4.1 Sun Sparc with NetBSD 1.4.1 gku100.sparc-openbsd-2.3 Sun Sparc with OpenBSD 2.3 gku100.sparc-sunos-4.1.1 Sun Sparc with SunOS 4.1.1 gku100.sparc-sunos-4.1.3 Sun Sparc with SunOS 4.1.3 gku100.sparc-solaris-1.0.1 Sun (Tadpole) SparcBook2 with Solaris 1.0.1 gku100.sparc-solaris-2.4 Sun Sparc with Solaris 2.4 gku100.sparc-solaris-2.5.1 Sun Sparc with Solaris 2.5.1 gku100.sparc-solaris-2.6 Sun Sparc with Solaris 2.6 gku100.sparc-solaris-7 Sun Sparc with Solaris 7 gku100.sparc-solaris-8 Sun Sparc with Solaris 8 gku100.sparc-solaris-9 Sun Sparc with Solaris 9 gku100.sparc-solaris-10 Sun Sparc with Solaris 10 gku100.x86_64-linux-rh3.0as AMD Opteron x86 64-bit Red Hat Linux 3AS17. BOOTSTRAPPINGTHIS PROCEDURE ASSUMES THE TARGET COMPUTER HAS A UUDECODE PROGRAMAND AN UNCOMPRESS PROGRAM.G-Kermit is especially handy when your UNIX computer has no other filetransfer method that you can use. In this case, it is often possible to\"bootstrap\" G-Kermit onto your computer because of its small size. SupposeComputer A is a UNIX computer on the Internet, and Computer B is theunconnected computer where you want to install G-Kermit. Download the binaryfor Computer B to Computer A from the Kermit website, then compress it oncomputer A, and then uuencode it, for example(the parts you type are underlined):$ mv gku100.att7300-sysv-3.51 gkermit$ compress gkermit$ uuencode gkermit.Z gkermit.Z > gkermit.Z.uueThis gives a 35K text file having 573 lines. Now use a terminal emulator suchas C-Kermit, Kermit 95, or MS-DOS Kermit to make a connection to Computer B,for example by modem or direct serial connection, log in, and give a \"cat\"command to copy incoming characters to a file; for exampleC-Kermit> set line /dev/ttyS0C-Kermit> set speed 57600C-Kermit> set set flow-control noneC-Kermit> set carrier-watch offC-Kermit> connectlogin: youruseridPassword: $$ cat > gkermit.Z.uueNow \"escape back\" from the connection by typing Ctrl-Backslash(hold down the Ctrl key and press the Backslash (\\) key); now you shouldhave the \"C-Kermit>\" prompt again. At the C-Kermit prompt give a TRANSMITcommand for the uuencoded file, e.g.:C-Kermit> transmit gkermit.Z.uueIf you are using a non-Kermit terminal program, it probably won't have aTRANSMIT command, but it is likely have an \"upload with ASCII protocol\"choice in its protocols menu, so use that.When the upload is finished, connect back to Computer B andtype Ctrl-D (hold down the Ctrl key and press the D key)to close the new file and return to the shell prompt, and then:$ uudecode gkermit.Z.uue$ uncompress gkermit.Z$ chmod +x gkermitNow you have a file transfer program on computer B. Of course thisbootstrapping method is error prone since \"ASCII\" is not an error-correctingprotocol, so you might have to try several times, perhaps reducing your serialspeed. But once gkermit is successfully installed on Computer B, you can useit to transfer files into and out of Computer B to/from any computer that has aKermit program and that can make a connection to Computer B. You can also usegkermit to receive the larger C-Kermit, which thengives Computer B dialout and scripting capabilities.For those who need to bootstrap G-Kermit from a non-UNIX platform, eachG-Kermit binary has been compressed and uuencoded for you. In fact, thereis a dot-Z version (compressed with UNIX 'compress') and a dot-gz version(compressed with GNU gzip), for example: gku100.i386-scoxenix-2.3.4.Z.uue (compress: 34K, 550 lines) gku100.i386-scoxenix-2.3.4.gz.uue (gzip: 25K, 408 lines)The names correspond to those in the binaries list, but with \".Z.uue\"added for compressed versions and \".gz.uue\" added for gzip'dversions.CLICK HERE for FTP access.Top Kermit Home 59ce067264 https://www.fjwcreations.com/forum/diy-forum/bmw-3-buy

77K Valid Lines.txt DOWNLOAD - https://byltly.com/2tl2LI Version:1.00 DownloadReleased: 25 December 1999Also see:Kermit 95 for Windows, C-Kermit for Unix and VMS, Embedded KermitThis page last updated:Sat Jul 31 19:22:36 2021(Changed all FTP links to HTTP and added the warning just below)Please visitthe G-Kermitpage at the new OpenSource Kermit Project to get G-Kermit 2.0, which has beenadapted to the newer C compilers and libraries. Version 1.0 buildsincreasingly fail with each year that passes as the C language andprogramming environment change out from underneath it.ContentsOVERVIEWINVOKING G-KERMITCOMMAND-LINE OPTIONSTHE MECHANICS OF FILE TRANSFERINTERRUPTING FILE TRANSFERTEXT AND BINARY TRANSFER MODEPATHNAMESFILENAME CONVERSIONFILENAME COLLISIONSKERMIT PROTOCOL DETAILSPROBLEMS, BUGS, ERRORSBUILDING G-KERMITINSTALLING G-KERMITDESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION NOTESFURTHER INFORMATIONDOWNLOADBOOTSTRAPPING1. OVERVIEW[Deutsch]G-Kermit is a Unix program for transferring files with the Kermit protocol. G-Kermit is a product of the Kermit Project atColumbia University in New Yorkcity. It is free software under the GNU General Public License.See the COPYING filefor details. Although G-Kermit was written for Unix, we are beginningto see ports of it to non-Unix platforms, so far including OS/2 andCP/M-68K.This software is OSI Certified Open Source Software.OSI Certified is a certification mark of theOpen Source Initiative.G-Kermit is:FastSmallPortableEasy to useInteroperableLow-maintenanceStable and reliableFeatures include:Text and binary file transfer on both 7-bit and 8-bit connectionsFiles can be transferred singly or in groupsAutomatic startup configuration via GKERMIT environment variableConfigurability as an external protocolKermit protocol features include:Automatic peer recognitionStreaming on reliable connectionsSelectable packet length, 40 to 9000 bytes (4000 default)Single shifts for 8-bit data on 7-bit connectionsControl-character prefixing for control-character transparencyControl-character unprefixing for increased speed (incoming only)Compression of repeated bytesPer-file and batch cancellationFeatures selectable on command line:Text or binary mode transferFilename conversion on/offFilename collision backup versus overwriteKeep or discard incompletely received filesPacket lengthPacket timeoutFlow controlParityStreamingMessagesDebuggingFeatures not included (see Section 14):Making connectionsCharacter-set translationInteractive commands and scriptingFile date-time stamps2. INVOKING G-KERMITG-Kermit is always on the \"far end\" of a connection, on a Unix system thatyou have made a connection to from a terminal emulator by dialup, network,or direct serial. If you have a direct or dialup serial connection intoUnix, use the \"stty -a\" or \"stty all\"command to see if your Unix terminaldriver is conditioned for the appropriate kind of flow control; if it isn't,very few applications (including gkermit) will work well, or at all. Thecommand for setting terminal flow control varies from platform to platform,but it is usually something like this:$ stty crtscts(where \"$ \" is the shell prompt) for RTS/CTS hardware flow control,or:$ stty ixon ixofffor Xon/Xoff \"software\" flow control. When you have a network connection,flow control is usually nothing to worry about, since the network protocol(TCP or X.25) takes care of it automatically, but on certain platforms (suchas HP-UX) the TCP/IP Telnet or Rlogin server uses this for flow controlbetween itself and the underlying pseudoterminal in which your session runs,so Xon/Xoff might be required for these sessions too.The G-Kermit binary is called \"gkermit\". It should be stored someplace inyour Unix PATH, such as /usr/local/bin/gkermit or somewhere in the/opt treeon System V R4. To run G-Kermit, just type \"gkermit\" followed by command-lineoptions that tell it what to do. If no options are given, G-Kermitprints a usage message listing the available options:G-Kermit CU-1.00, Columbia University, 1999-12-25: POSIX.Usage: gkermit [ options ]Options: -r Receive files -s fn Send files -g fn Get files from server -a fn As-name for single file -i Image (binary) mode transfer -T Text mode transfer -P Path/filename conversion disabled -w Write over existing files with same name -K Keep incompletely received files -p x Parity: x = o[dd],e[ven],m[ark],s[pace],n[one] -e n Receive packet-length (40-9000) -b n Timeout (sec, 0 = none) -x Force Xon/Xoff (--x = Don't force Xon/Xoff) -S Disable streaming -X External protocol -q Quiet (suppress messages) -d [fn] Debug to ./debug.log [or specified file] -h Help (this message)More info: If an option takes an argument, the argument is required; if an option doesnot take an argument, no argument may be given (exceptions: -d may ormay not take an argument; -s can take one or more arguments).The action options are -r, -s, and -g. Only oneaction option may be given.If no action options are given, G-Kermit does nothing (except possiblyprinting its usage message or creating a debug.log file). Here are someexamples (in which \"$ \" is the shell prompt):$ gkermit -s hello.c Sends the hello.c file.$ gkermit -s hello.* Sends all hello.* files.$ gkermit -r Waits for you to send a file to it.$ gkermit -g hello.c Gets the hello.c file from your computer.$ gkermit -g \\*.c Gets all *.c files from your computer.Options that do not take arguments can be \"bundled\" with other options.An option that takes an argument must always be followed by a space andthen its argument(s). Examples:$ gkermit -is hello.o Sends hello.o in binary mode.$ gkermit -dSr Receives with debugging and no streaming.G-Kermit's exit status is 0 if all operations succeeded and 1 if there wereany failures. If a group of files was transferred, the exit status is 1if one or more files were not successfully transferred and 0 if all of themwere transferred successfully.3. COMMAND-LINE OPTIONSfn = filename;n = number.-rRECEIVE: This option tells G-Kermit to receive a file or files;that is, to passively wait for you to send files from yourterminal emulator.-s fnSEND: This tells G-Kermit to send the file or files specified byfn, which can be a filename, a regular expression, or a list offilenames and/or regular expressions (wildcards). Regularexpressions are interpreted and expanded by your shell into thelist of names of files that is given to G-Kermit. For example\"*.c\" expands to a list of all files in the current directorywhose names end with \".c\".-g fnGET: This option tells G-Kermit to get a file (or files) from aKermit server. It is useful only when your terminal emulatorsupports the Kermit autodownload feature AND it includes a Kermitserver mode. It is equivalent to \"gkermit -r\", escapingback, telling your terminal emulator to send the given files, and thenreconnecting to Unix.-a fnAS-NAME: When used with -s, this option tells G-Kermit to sendthe file whose name is given as the first -s argument under thename fn. For example, \"gkermit -s game -a work\" sends the filecalled \"game\" under the name \"work\", so the receiver will thinkits name is \"work\". When given with the -r or -g command,the incoming file (or the first incoming file if there is more thanone) is stored under the name fn. In all cases, the given nameis used as-is; it is not converted.-iIMAGE (binary) mode transfer. When used with -s, tells G-Kermitto send in binary mode. When used with -r, tells G-Kermit toreceive in binary mode if the file sender does not specify thetransfer mode (text or binary). When used with -g, tellsG-Kermit to ask your terminal emulator's Kermit to send the givenfile in binary mode. See Section 6 for details.-TTEXT mode transfer (note uppercase T). When used with -s, tellsG-Kermit to send in text mode. When used with -r, tells G-Kermitto receive in text mode if the file sender does not specify thetransfer mode (text or binary). When used with -g, tells G-Kermitto ask your emulator's Kermit to send the given file in text mode.See Section 6 for details.-PPATH (filename) conversion disabled (note uppercase P).Normally when sending files, G-Kermit converts filenames to aform that should be acceptable to non-Unix platforms, primarilychanging lowercase letters to uppercase, ensuring there is nomore than one period, and replacing any \"funny\" characters by Xor underscore (explained in Section 8).-wWRITEOVER. When receiving, and an incoming file has the samename as an existing file, write over the existing file. Bydefault G-Kermit backs up the existing file by adding a suffixto its name (see Section 9).-KKEEP incompletely received files. Normally when receiving files,and a file transfer is interrupted, G-Kermit discards thepartially received file so you won't think you have the wholefile. Include -K on the command line to tell G-Kermit to keeppartially received files, e.g. \"gkermit -Kr\".-p xPARITY: Use the given kind of parity, where x can be 'n'for None (which is the default, for use on 8-bit-clean connections);'s' for Space, 'e' for Even, 'o' for Odd, and'm' for Mark. 's' might be needed on certain Telnetconnections; 'e', 'o', and 'm' are only for serialconnections; don't try them on TCP/IP connections.-e nPACKET LENGTH: Receive packet-length, where n can be any numberbetween 40 and 9000. The default length on most platforms is 4000. Use thisoption to specify a different length; usually this would be necessary only iftransfers fail using the default length due to some kind of buffering problemin the host or along the communication path. Example: \"gkermit-e 240 -r\".-b nTIMEOUT (sec, 0 = none). Specify the number of seconds to waitfor a packet before timing out and retransmitting. By default,G-Kermit uses whatever timeout interval your terminal emulator'sKermit asks it to use. No need to change this unless the timeoutaction causes problems.-xXON/XOFF. Force Xon/Xoff flow control in the Unix terminaldriver. Try this if uploads fail without it. But don't use itif you don't need to; on some platforms or connections it hurtsrather than helps.--xDon't force Xon/Xoff; for use when G-Kermit was built with theSETXONXOFF compile-time option (Section 12), to overridethe automatic setting of Xon/Xoff in case it interferes with filetransfers.-SSTREAMING disabled. Streaming is a high-performance option tobe used on reliable connections, such as in Telnet or Rloginsessions. It is used if your terminal emulator's Kermit requestsit. Use the -S option (note: uppercase S) to suppress thisfeature in case it causes trouble. Details in Section 10.-XEXTERNAL PROTOCOL. Include this option when invoking G-Kermitfrom another program that redirects G-Kermit's standard i/o,e.g. over a connection to another computer. If you omit thisswitch when using G-Kermit as an external protocol to anothercommunications program, G-Kermit is likely to perform illegaloperations and exit prematurely. If you include this switchwhen G-Kermit is NOT an external protocol to another program,file transfers will fail. G-Kermit has no way of determiningautomatically whether it is being used as an external protocol.-qQUIET. Suppresses messages.-dDEBUG. Use this for troubleshooting. It creates a file calleddebug.log in your current directory, to be used in conjunctionwith the source code, or sent to the Kermit support address foranalysis. More about this in Section 11.-d fnDEBUG to specified file (rather than default ./debug.log).-hHELP: Displays the usage message shown above.You may supply options to G-Kermit on the command line or through theGKERMIT environment variable, which can contain any valid gkermitcommand-line options. These are processed before the actual command-lineoptions and so can be overridden by them. Example for bash or ksh, whichyou can put in your profile if you want to always keep incomplete files,suppress streaming, suppress messages, and use Space parity: export GKERMIT=\"-K -S -q -p s\"G-Kermit's options are compatible with C-Kermit's, with the followingexceptions: -P (available only in C-Kermit 7.0 and later) -K (currently not used in C-Kermit) -b (used in C-Kermit for serial device speed) -S (used in C-Kermit to force an interactive command prompt) -x (used in C-Kermit to start server mode) --x (currently not used in C-Kermit) -X (currently not used in C-Kermit)4. THE MECHANICS OF FILE TRANSFERTo transfer files with G-Kermit you must be connected through a terminalemulator to the Unix system where G-Kermit is installed, meaning you areonline to Unix and have access to the shell prompt (or to some menu that hasan option to invoke G-Kermit), and your terminal emulator must support theKermit file transfer protocol. The connection can be serial (direct ordialed) or network (Telnet, Rlogin, X.25, etc).Sending FilesWhen you tell G-Kermit to SEND a file (or files), e.g. with: $ gkermit -Ts oofa.txtit pauses for a second and then sends its first packet. What happens nextdepends on the capabilities of your terminal emulator:If your emulator supports Kermitautodownloadsthen it receives thefile automatically and puts you back in the terminal screen when done.Otherwise, you'll need to take whatever action is required by youremulator to get its attention: a mouse action, a keystroke likeAlt-x,or a character sequence like Ctrl-\\or Ctrl-]followed by the letter\"c\" (this is called \"escaping back\") and then tell it to receive thefile. When the transfer is complete, you might have to instruct youremulator to go back to its terminal screen.During file transfer, most terminal emulators put up some kind of runningdisplay of the file transfer progress.Receiving FilesWhen you tell G-Kermit to RECEIVE, this requires you to escape back to yourterminal emulator and instruct it to send the desired file(s). Autodownloadis not effective in this case. When the transfer is complete, you'll needto instruct your emulator to return to its terminal screen.Getting FilesIf your terminal emulator supports Kermit autodownloads AND server mode, youcan use GET (\"gkermit -g files...\") rather thanRECEIVE (\"gkermit -r\"), andthe rest happens automatically, as when G-Kermit is sending.5. INTERRUPTING FILE TRANSFERG-Kermit supports file and group interruption. The method for interruptinga transfer depends on your terminal emulator. For example, while thefile-transfer display is active, you might type the letter 'x' to cancel thecurrent file and go on to the next one (if any), and the letter 'z' tocancel the group. Or there might be buttons you can click with your mouse.When G-Kermit is in packet mode and your terminal emulator is in itsterminal screen, you can also type three (3) Ctrl-C characters in a row tomake G-Kermit exit and restore the normal terminal modes.6. TEXT AND BINARY TRANSFER MODEWhen sending files in binary mode, G-Kermit sends every byte exactly as itappears in the file. This mode is appropriate for program binaries,graphics files, tar archives, compressed files, etc, and is G-Kermit'sdefault file-transfer mode when sending. When receiving files in binarymode, G-Kermit simply copies each byte to disk. (Obviously the bytes areencoded for transmission, but the encoding and decoding procedures give areplica of the original file after transfer.)When sending files in text mode, G-Kermit converts the record format to thecommon one that is defined for the Kermit protocol, namely lines terminatedby carriage return and linefeed (CRLF); the receiver converts the CRLFs towhatever line-end or record-format convention is used on its platform. Whenreceiving files in text mode, G-Kermit simply strips carriage returns,leaving only a linefeed at the end of each line, which is the Unixconvention.When receiving files, the sender's transfer mode (text or binary)predominates if the sender gives this information to G-Kermit in a KermitFile Attribute packet, which of course depends on whether your terminalemulator's Kermit protocol has this feature. Otherwise, if you gave a -i or-T option on the gkermit command line, the corresponding mode is used;otherwise the default mode (binary) is used.Furthermore, when either sending or receiving, G-Kermit and your terminalemulator's Kermit can inform each other of their OS type (Unix in G-Kermit'scase). If your emulator supports this capability, which is called\"automatic peer recognition\", and it tells G-Kermit that its platform isalso Unix, G-Kermit and the emulator's Kermit automatically switch intobinary mode, since no record-format conversion is necessary in this case.Automatic peer recognition is disabled automatically if you include the -i(image) or -T (text) option.When sending, G-Kermit sends all files in the same mode, text or binary.There is no automatic per-file mode switching. When receiving, however,per-file switching occurs automatically based on the incoming Attributepackets, if any (explained below), that accompany each file, so if thefile sender switches types between files, G-Kermit follows along.7. PATHNAMESWhen SENDING a file, G-Kermit obtains the filenames from the command line.It depends on the shell to expand metacharacters (wildcards and tilde).G-Kermit uses the full pathname given to find and open the file, but thenstrips the pathname before sending the name to the receiver. For example: $ gkermit -s /etc/hostsresults in an arriving file called \"HOSTS\" or \"hosts\" (the directory part,\"/etc/\", is stripped; see next section aboutcapitalization).However, if a pathname is included in the -a option, the directory partis not stripped: $ gkermit -s /etc/hosts -a /tmp/hostsThis example sends the /etc/hosts file but tells the receiver thatits name is \"/tmp/hosts\". What the receiver does with the pathnameis, of course, up to the receiver, which might have various options fordealing with incoming pathnames.When RECEIVING a file, G-Kermit does NOT strip the pathname, since incomingfiles normally do not include a pathname unless you told your terminal toinclude them or gave an \"as-name\" including a path when sending to G-Kermit.If the incoming filename includes a path, G-Kermit tries to store the filein the specified place. If the path does not exist, the transfer fails.The incoming filename can, of course, be superseded with the -a option.8. FILENAME CONVERSIONWhen sending a file, G-Kermit normally converts outbound filenames tocommon form: uppercase, no more than one period, and no funny characters.So, for example, gkermit.tar.gz would be sent asGKERMIT_TAR.GZ.When receiving a file, if the name is all uppercase, G-Kermit converts itto all lowercase. If the name contains any lowercase letters, G-Kermitleaves the name alone. Otherwise G-Kermit accepts filename characters asthey are, since Unix allows filenames to contain practically any characters.If the automatic peer recognition feature is available in the terminalemulator, and G-Kermit recognizes the emulator's platform as Unix, G-Kermitautomatically disables filename conversion and sends and accepts filenamesliterally.You can force literal filenames by including the -P option on the commandline.9. FILENAME COLLISIONSWhen G-Kermit receives a file whose name is the same as that of an existingfile, G-Kermit backs up the existing file by adding a unique suffix to itsname. The suffix is \".n\", where n is a number between1 and 999. This the same kind of backup suffix used by GNU EMACS and C-Kermit(both of which can be used to prune excess backup files). But since G-Kermitdoes not read directories (see Implementation Notes), itcan not guarantee that the number chosen will be higher than any other backupprefix number for the same file. In fact, the first free number, startingfrom 1, is chosen. If an incoming file already has a backup suffix, G-Kermitstrips it before adding a new one, rather than creating a file that has twobackup suffixes.To defeat the backup feature and have incoming files overwrite existingfiles of the same name, include the -w (writeover) option on the commandline.If G-Kermit has not been given the -w option and it fails to create abackup file, the transfer fails.10. KERMIT PROTOCOL DETAILSBlock checkG-Kermit uses the 3-byte, 16-bit CRC by default. If the other Kermitdoes not agree, both Kermits automatically drop down to the single-byte6-bit checksum that is required of all Kermit implementations.AttributesWhen sending files, G-Kermit conveys the file transfer mode and filesize in bytes to the receiver in an Attribute (A) packet if the use ofA-packets was negotiated. This allows the receiver to switch to theappropriate mode automatically, and to display the percent done, estimatedtime left, and/or a thermometer bar if it has that capability. Whenreceiving, G-Kermit looks in the incoming A-packet, if any, for thetransfer mode (text or binary) and switches itself accordingly on aper-file basis.Handling of the Eighth BitG-Kermit normally treats the 8th bit of each byte as a normal data bit.But if you have a 7-bit connection, transfers of 8-bit files fail unlessyou tell one or both Kermits to use the appropriate kind of parity, inwhich case Kermit uses single-shift escaping for 8-bit bytes. Generally,telling either Kermit is sufficient; it tells the other. Use the -poption to tell G-Kermit which parity to use. Locking shifts are notincluded in G-Kermit.Control-Character EncodingG-Kermit escapes all control characters when sending (for example,Ctrl-A becomes #A). When receiving, it accepts both escaped and barecontrol characters, including NUL (0). However, unescaped controlcharacters always present a danger, so if uploads to G-Kermit fail, tellyour terminal emulator's Kermit to escape most or all control characters(in C-Kermit and Kermit 95 the command is SET PREFIXING CAUTIOUS or SETPREFIXING ALL).Packet LengthAll legal packet lengths, 40-9000, are supported although a lowermaximum might be imposed on platforms where it is known that bigger onesdon't work. When receiving, G-Kermit sends its receive packet length tothe sender, and the sender must not send packets any longer than thislength. The default length for most platforms is 4000 and it may beoverridden with the -e command-line option.Sliding WindowsG-Kermit does not support sliding windows. Streaming is used instead.If the other Kermit bids to use sliding windows, G-Kermit declines.StreamingIf the terminal emulator's Kermit informs G-Kermit that it has areliable connection (such as TCP/IP or X.25), and the emulator's Kermitsupports streaming, then a special form of the Kermit protocol is usedin which data packets are not acknowledged; this allows the sender totransmit a steady stream of (framed and checksummed) data to thereceiver without waiting for acknowledgements, allowing the fastestpossible transfers. Streaming overcomes such obstacles as long roundtrip delays, unnecessary retransmissions on slow network connections,and most especially the TCP/IP Nagle and Delayed ACK heuristics whichare deadly to a higher-level ACK/NAK protocol. When streaming is in useon a particular connection, Kermit speeds are comparable to FTP. Thedrawback of streaming is that transmission errors are fatal; that's whystreaming is only used on reliable connections, which, by definition,guarantee there will be no transmission errors. However, watch out forthe relatively rare circumstance in which the emulator thinks it has areliable connection when it doesn't -- for example a Telnet connectionto a terminal server, and a dialout from the terminal server to thehost. Use the -S option on the command line to defeat streaming in suchsituations.Using all defaults on a TCP/IP connection on 10BaseT (10Mbps) Ethernet froma modern Kermit program like C-Kermit 7.0 or Kermit 95, typical transferrates are 150-1000Kcps, depending on the speed of the two computers and thenetwork load.11. PROBLEMS, BUGS, ERRORSIf file transfers fail:Make sure your terminal emulator is not unprefixing control characters;various control characters might cause trouble along the communicationpath. When in doubt, instruct the file sender to prefix all controlcharacters (e.g. SET PREFIXING ALL).Make sure your Unix terminal is conditioned for the appropriate kindof flow control.Use command-line options to back off on performance and transparency;use -S to disable streaming, -e to select a shorter packet length, -pto select space or other parity, -b to increase or disable the timeout,and/or establish the corresponding settings on your emulator.When receiving files in text mode, G-Kermit strips all carriage returns,even if they aren't part of a CRLF pair.If you have a TCP/IP connection (e.g. Telnet or Rlogin) to Unix from aterminal emulator whose Kermit protocol does not support streaming,downloads from G-Kermit are likely to be as much as 10 or even 100 timesslower than uploads if the TCP/IP stack engages in Nagle or Delayed ACKheuristics; typically, when your terminal emulator's Kermit protocol sendsan acknowledgment, the TCP stack holds on to it for (say) 1/5 second beforesending it, because it is \"too small\" to send right away.As noted in Section 9, the backup prefix is not guaranteedto be the highest number. For example, if you have files oofa.txt,oofa.txt.1, and oofa.txt.3 in your directory, and a newoofa.txt file arrives, the old oofa.txt is backed up tooofa.txt.2, rather than oofa.txt.4 as you might expect.This is because gkermit lacks directory reading capabilities, for reasonsnoted in Section 14, and without this, finding the highestexisting backup number for a file is impractical.If you send a file to G-Kermit with streaming active when the connection isnot truly reliable, all bets are off. A fatal error should occur promptly,but if huge amounts of data are lost, G-Kermit might never recognize a singledata packet and therefore not diagnose a single error; yet your terminalemulator keeps sending packets since no acknowledgments are expected; thetransfer eventually hangs at the end of file. Use -S on G-Kermit's commandline to disable streaming in situations where the terminal emulator requestsit in error.You can use G-Kermit's debug log for troubleshooting; this is useful mainlyin conjunction with the source code. But even if you aren't a C programmer,it should reveal any problem in enough detail to help pinpoint the cause ofthe failure. \"gkermit -d\" (with no action options) writes a short debug.logfile that shows the build options and settings.The debug log is also a packet log; to extract the packets from it, use: grep ^PKT debug.logPackets in the log are truncated to avoid wrap-around on your screen, andthey have the Ctrl-A packet-start converted to ^ and A to avoid triggeringa spurious autodownload when displaying the log on your screen.In certain circumstances it is not desirable or possible to use -d to createa log file called debug.log in the current directory; for example, if youdon't have write access to the current directory, or you already have adebug.log file that you want to keep (or transfer). In this case, you caninclude a filename argument after -d: gkermit -d /tmp/testing.log -s *.c(This is an exception to the rule that option arguments are not optional.)If all else fails, you can contact the Kermit Project for technical support;see: instructions.12. BUILDING G-KERMITG-Kermit is written to require the absolute bare minimum in system servicesand C-language features and libraries, and therefore should be portable topractically any Unix platform at all with any C compiler.When I wrote G-Kermit in 1999, I wanted it to serve as an example of aprogram that would last forever, and not need constant \"updates\" and\"upgrades\" and \"patches\" which are the hallmark of modern software culture,where stability is a forgotten concept in programming language designjust as backwards compatibility is in operating system and libraryreleases. But the world keeps changing out from under G-Kermit and everyother software program on every modern platform (unlike, for example, theIBM OS/MVS operating system for which I wrote software in 1970-somethingthat has never needed upgrades or updates or patches to keep working decadeafter decade). Anyway, in Unix the biggest change affecting G-Kermit ismigration of the errno variable from a simple int to some kind ofobject or macro defined in a header file. Thus the most common complaintfrom those trying to build G-Kermit on Linux or wherever is fatalcompilation or link-time errors involving errno. The solution is toinclude:-DERRNO_Hamong the compilation flags (this has always been documented towards theend of this web page, but most people don't read that far). Other errorsare increasingly reported that are solved by including ever more headerfiles in gkermit.h or elsewhere, e.g.:#include #include #include I'm not inclined to make a new release just because of bureaucraticreshuffling of header files or requirement of prototypes where they weren'trequired before, because disregard for stability should not berewarded. A program, once written, should stay written, so theprogrammer can go on to something new, rather than writing the same programover and over and over simply to \"comply\" with whatever new thing somebodydreamed up. Anyway, G-Kermit is GPL so anybody can change it however theywant. (Yes, the whole thing could just be engineered for autoconf,but autoconf is not available on all the platforms where G-Kermit is built.)The source files are: makefile The build procedure gwart.c Source code for a mini-lex substitute gproto.w G-Kermit protocol state machine to be preprocessed by gwart gkermit.h G-Kermit header file gkermit.c G-Kermit main module and routines gcmdline.c G-Kermit command-line parser gunixio.c Unix-specific i/o routinesA simple makefile isprovided, which can be used with make or gmake. There are three main targetsin the makefile:posixBuild for any POSIX.1 compliant platform (termios). This is thedefault target, used if you type \"make\" (or \"gmake\") alone. Thistarget works for most modern Unixes, including GNU/Linux, FreeBSD,OpenBSD, NetBSD, BSDI, HP-UX, Solaris, SunOS, Unixware, AIX, etc.sysvBuild for almost any AT&T System V platform (termio). Examplesinclude AT&T Unix releases, e.g. for the AT&T 7300, HP-UX versionsprior to 7.00.bsdBuild for any BSD (pre-4.4) or Unix V7 platform (sgtty). Examplesinclude NeXTSTEP 3.x, OSF/1, Ultrix-11, and 4.3BSD or earlier.Note that the target names are all lowercase; \"posix\" is the default target(the one used if you just type \"make\"). If the build fails with a messagelike:gunixio.c: 65: Can't find include file termios.h*** Error code 1then try \"make sysv\" or \"make bsd\". See the build list below for examples.Some special build targets are also provided:sysvxLike sysv but uses getchar()/putchar() for packet i/orather than buffered nonblocking read()/write(); this isnecessary for certain very old System V platforms (see description ofUSE_GETCHAR below).sttyWhen none of the other targets compiles successfully, try this one,which runs the external stty program rather than trying to useAPI calls to get/set terminal modes (system(\"stty raw -echo\") andsystem(\"stty -raw echo\")).Several maintenance/management targets are also included:cleanRemove object and intermediate files.installInstall gkermit (read the makefile before using this).uninstallUninstall gkermit from wherever \"make install\" installed it.The default compiler is cc. To override (e.g. to force the use of gcc oncomputers that have both cc and gcc installed, or that don't have cc), use:[g]make CC=gcc [target]No other tools beyond make, the C compiler and linker, a short list ofinvariant header files, and the standard C library are needed or used. Theresulting binary should be 100K or less on all hardware platforms (and 64Kor less on most; see list below).You may also specify certain build options by including a KFLAGS clause onthe make command line, e.g.:make \"KFLAGS=-DSETXONXOFF -DEXTRADEBUG\" sysvBy default, nonblocking buffered read() is used for packets; thistechnique works on most platforms but other options -- USE_GETCHAR and DUMBIO-- are provided when it doesn't work or when nonblocking i/o is not available.The build options include:__STDC__Include this when the compiler requires ANSI prototyping but doesdoes not define __STDC__ itself. Conversely, you might need toinclude -U__STDC__ if the compiler defines __STDC__ but does notsupport minimum ANSI features.ULONG=longInclude this if compilation fails with \"unknown type: unsigned long\".CHAR=charInclude this if compilation fails with \"unknown type: unsigned char\".SMALLDefine this when building on or for a \"small\" platform, for examplea 16-bit architecture.USE_GETCHARSpecifies that packet i/o should be done with (buffered) getchar()and putchar() rather than the default method of nonblocking,internally buffered read() and write(). Use this only whenG-Kermit does not build or run otherwise, since if the default i/o code isnot used, G-Kermit won't be able to do streaming.DUMBIOSpecifies that packet i/o should be done with blocking single-byteread() and write(). Use this only when G-Kermit doesn'tbuild or run, even with USE_GETCHAR.MAXRP=nnnChange the maximum receive-packet length to something other than thedefault, which is about 9000. You should change this only to make it smaller;making it bigger is not supported by the Kermit protocol.DEFRP=nnnChange the default receive packet length to something other than thedefault, which is 4000. Making it any bigger than this is not advised.TINBUFSIZ=nnnOn builds that use nonblocking buffered read(), override thedefault input buffer size of 4080.SETXONXOFFOn some platforms, mainly those based on System V R4 and earlier, it wasfound that receiving files was impossible on TCP/IP connections unlessthe terminal driver was told to use Xon/Xoff flow control. If downloadswork but uploads consistently fail (or fail consistently wheneverstreaming is used or the packet length is greater than a certain numberlike 100, or 775), try adding this option. When gkermit is built withthis option, it is equivalent to the user always giving the -x option onthe command line. (Most versions of HP-UX need this; it is definedautomatically at compile time if __hpux is defined.)ERRNO_H#include (rather than \"extern int errno;\").Include this if you get Unresolved Extern complaints about errno at link time.SIG_VThe data type of signal handlers is void. This is set automaticallyfor System V and POSIX builds.SIG_IThe data type of signal handlers is int. This is set automaticallyfor BSD builds.NOGETENVAdd this to disable the feature in which G-Kermit gets options fromthe GKERMIT environment variable.NOSTREAMINGAdd this to disable streaming.EXTRADEBUGThis adds a lot (a LOT) of extra information to the debug logregarding packet and character-level i/o.FULLPACKETSShow full packets in the debug log rather than truncating them.Any compiler warnings should be harmless. Examples include:\"Passing arg 2 of `signal' from incompatible pointer\"(or \"Argument incompatible with prototype\"):Because no two Unix platforms agree about signal handlers. Harmlessbecause the signal handler does not return a value that is used. Wedon't want to open the door to platform-specific #ifdefs just tosilence this warning. However, you can include -DSIG_I or -DSIG_Von the CC command line to override the default definitions.\"blah declared but never used\":Some function parameters are not used because they are just placeholdersor compatibility items, or even required by prototypes in system headers.Others might be declared in system header files (like mknod, lstat, etc,which are not used by G-Kermit).\"Do you mean equality\":No, in \"while ((c = *s++))\" the assignment really is intentional.\"Condition is always true\":Yes, \"while (1)\" is always true.\"Flow between cases\":Intentional.\"No flow into statement\":In gproto.c, because it is a case statement generated by machine,not written by a human.The coding conventions are aimed at maximum portability. For example:Only relatively short identifiers.No long character-string constants.Only #ifdef, #else, #endif, #define,and #undef preprocessor directives.Any code that uses ANSI features is enclosedin #ifdef __STDC__ ... #endif.No gmake-specific constructs in the makefile.Here are some sample builds: Platform Size Target Notes Apple Mac OS X 1.0 gcc: 48K posix (AKA Rhapsody 5.5) AT&T 3B2/300 SVR2 cc: 52K sysv (4) AT&T 6300 PLUS cc: 61K sysv (6) AT&T 7300 UNIX PC cc: 43K sysv AT&T 7300 UNIX PC gcc: 58K sysv (25K with shared lib) BSDI 4.0.1 gcc: 34K posix DEC 5000 MIPS Ultrix 4.3 cc: 104K posix DEC Alpha Digital UNIX 3.2 cc: 98K bsd (AKA OSF/1) (1) DEC Alpha Tru64 UNIX 4.0e cc: 82K bsd (1) DEC PDP-11 2.11BSD cc: 40K bsd211 (7) DEC PDP-11 Ultrix 3.0 cc: 40K bsd211 (9) DEC VAX 4.3BSD cc: 46K bsd DEC VAX Ultrix 3.0 cc: 43K bsd DG/UX 5.4R4.11 gcc: 51K posix DYNIX/ptx 4.4.2 cc: 43K posix FreeBSD 3.3 gcc: 34K posix GNU/Linux RH 5.2 gcc: 35K posix (RH = Red Hat) GNU/Linux SW 3.5 gcc: 34K posix (SW = Slackware) HP-UX 5.21 cc: 55K sysv (2) HP-UX 6.5 cc: 40K sysv (5) HP-UX 7.05 cc: 50K posix HP-UX 8.00 gcc: 33K posix HP-UX 9.05 cc: 57K posix HP-UX 10.01 cc: 57K posix HP-UX 10.20 cc: 61K posix IBM AIX 2.2.1 RT PC IBM cc: 62K sysv IBM AIX 3.2 IBM cc: 62K posix IBM AIX 4.1.3 IBM cc: 67K posix Intergraph Clipper acc: 80K sysv (8) Motorola 68K SV/68 R3.6 cc: 58K sysv (4) Motorola 88K SV/88 R4.3 cc: 45K posix NetBSD 1.4.1 gcc: 41K posix NeXTSTEP m68k 3.1 gcc: 77K bsd (3) OPENSTEP m68k 4.2 gcc: 77K bsd (3) OpenBSD 2.5 gcc: 47K posix QNX 4.25 cc: 33K posix Red Hat 9 i386 gcc: 47K posix KFLAGS=-DERRNO_H SCO XENIX 2.3.4 cc: 41K sysv (4) SCO UNIX 3.2v4.2 cc: 73K posix SCO UNIX 3.2v4.2 gcc: 61K posix SCO ODT 3.0 cc: 97K posix SCO OSR5.0.5 gcc: 42K posix SCO Unixware 2.1.3 cc: 38K posix SGI IRIX 5.3 cc: 86K posix SGI IRIX 6.5.4 cc: 91K posix SINIX 5.42 MIPS cc: 57K posix Solaris 2.4 cc: 50K posix Solaris 7 cc: 52K posix SunOS 4.1.3 cc: 57K posix SunOS 4.1.3 gcc: 64K posix Notes:\"make posix\" builds without complaint on OSF/1 (DigitalUNIX (Tru64)) but it doesn't work -- i/o hangs or program dumps core. \"makebsd\" works fine.POSIX APIs not available in this antique OS (circa 1983). Also dueto limited terminal input buffering capacity, streaming must bedisabled and relatively short packets must be used when receiving:\"gkermit -Se 250 -r\". However, it can use streaming when sending.POSIX APIs not available. Include KFLAGS=-DSIG_V if you get a lotof warnings about signal().On System V R3 and earlier, EWOULDBLOCK is not defined, so we useEGAIN instead. No special build procedures needed.Built with 'make -i \"KFLAGS=-DDEFRP=512-DUSE_GETCHAR\" sysv'. It can be built without-DUSE_GETCHAR but doesn't work.Use 'make \"CC=cc -Ml \"KFLAGS=-DUSE_GETCHAR\"sysv'. It builds but doesn't work, reason unknown, but probablybecause it was never designed to be accessed remotely in the first place.This is a 16-bit architecture. A special makefile target is neededbecause its make program does not expand the $(CC) value when invokingsecond-level makes. Packet and buffer sizes are reduced to keepstatic data within limits. Overlays are not needed.Use 'make \"CC=acc\" sysv'.Identifiers must be unique within the first 7 characters. Unfortunately,there is a conflict in gproto.w between streamon() andstreamok. Build with 'make bsd211 \"KFLAGS=-Dstreamon=strmon -DULONG=long -DSMALL\"'.This was on a PDP-11/23+ without I&D space. -DSMALL might not benecessary with I&D space. When using, disable streaming and useshorter-than-usual packets.13. INSTALLING G-KERMITThe makefile creates a binary called \"gkermit\". Simply move this binary tothe desired directory, such as /usr/local/bin. It needs no specialpermissions other than read, write, and execute for the desired users andgroups: no setuid, no setgid, or any other form of privilege.DO NOT give SETUID or SETGID privilege to G-Kermit. G-Kermit is not adialout program. It does not access serial devices or UUCP lockfiles, and itdoes not do real/effective ID switching. If you give it SETUID or SETGIDprivilege, this will open restricted files and directories to users whootherwise do not have access, and incoming files will be created with thewrong owner and/or group.The executable should becalled \"gkermit\" and not \"kermit\", since \"kermit\" is the binary name forC-Kermit, and the two are likely to be installed side by side on the samecomputer; even when they are not, consistent naming is better for supportand sanity purposes. There is also a short man page:gkermit.nrYou can view it with:nroff -man gkermit.nr moreRename and store it appropriately so users can access it with 'man gkermit'.In addition, the README should be made available in a public documentationdirectory as:gkermit.txtThe makefile includes a sample 'install' target that does all this.Please read it before use to be sure the appropriate directories andpermissions are indicated. There is also an 'uninstall' target to undo aninstallation. Obviously you need write access to the relevant directoriesbefore you can install or uninstall G-Kermit.14. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION NOTESA primary objective in developing G-Kermit is that it can be released andused forever without constant updates to account for platform idiosyncraciesand changes. For this reason, certain features have been deliberatelyomitted:File timestamps. The methods for dealing with internal time formatsare notoriously unportable and also a moving target, especially nowwith the 32-bit internal time format rollover looming in 2038 and thetime_t data type changing out from under us. Furthermore, byexcluding any date-handling code, G-Kermit is automatically Y2K, 2038, and Y10K\"compliant\".Internal wildcard expansion, recursive directory traversal, etc. Evenafter more than 30 years (no, make that 40),there is still no standard and portable service in Unix for this.Server mode, because it would require internal wildcard expansion.Hardware flow control, millisecond sleeps, nondestructive input bufferpeeking, threads, select(), file permissions, etc etc.Other features are omitted to keep the program small and simple, and toavoid creeping featurism:Sliding windows. This technique is more complicated than streaming butnot as fast, and furthermore would increase the program size by afactor of 5 or 10 due to buffering requirements.An interactive command parser and scripting language (because usersalways want more and more commands and features).Character set conversion (because users always want more and morecharacter sets). Adding character set support would increase theprogram size by a factor of 2 to 4, depending on the selection of sets.Making connections (because this requires huge amounts of tricky andunstable high-maintenance platform- and device-specific code for serialports, modems, modem signals, network stacks and protocols, etc).Security. Not needed since G-Kermit does not make connections. WhenG-Kermit is on the far end of a secure connection (Telnet, SSH, Rlogin),the security is handled by the connecting client and the Telnet, SSH, orRlogin server.All of the above can be found in C-Kermit, which istherefore bigger and more complicated, with more platform-specific code and#ifdef spaghetti. C-Kermit requires constant updates and patches tokeep pace with changes in the underlying platforms, networking and securitymethods, and demands from its users for more features.The goal for G-Kermit, on the other hand, is simplicity and stability, so wedon't need thousands of #ifdefs like we have in C-Kermit, and wedon't need to tweak the code every time a new release of each Unix varietycomes out. G-Kermit is meant to be PORTABLE and LONG-LASTING so the stress ison a MINIMUM of platform dependencies.If you make changes, please try to avoid adding anything platform-dependent orin any other way destabilizing. Bear in mind that the result of your changesshould still build and run successfully on at least all the platforms whereG-Kermit was built originally. In any case, you are encouraged to send anychanges back to the Kermit Project to be considered for addition to the masterG-Kermit distribution.15. FURTHER INFORMATIONThe Kermit protocol is specified in Kermit, A File TransferProtocol by Frank da Cruz, Digital Press (1987). A correctness proofof the Kermit protocol appears in Specification and ValidationMethods, edited by Egon Börger, Oxford University Press (1995).Using C-Kermit by Frank da Cruz andChristine M. Gianone, Digital Press (1997, or later edition) explains many ofthe terms and techniques referenced in this document in case you are notfamiliar with them, and also includes tutorials on data communications,extensive troubleshooting and performance tips, etc. Various other books onKermit are available from Digital Press.Online resources include: The Kermit Project website The GNU Project websitecomp.protocols.kermit.misc The unmoderated Kermit newsgroupThe ANNOUNCE file G-Kermit announcementskermit-support@columbia.edu Kermit technical supportPlease read before sending e-mail to the tech support address.16. DOWNLOADInstall packages are available for the following platforms:gkermit-1.0-1.i386.rpm Red Hat Linux 6.0 and later, Intel (PC) CPUgkermit-1.0-1.5.2.alpha.rpm Red Hat Linux 5.2 and later, Alpha CPUgkermit-1.0-1.alpha.rpm Red Hat Linux 6.0 and later, Alpha CPUgkermit-1.0-1.sparc.rpm Red Hat Linux 6.0 and later, Sparc CPUgkermit-1.0-1.src.rpm Red Hat Linux 6.0 and later, source codeThe NetBSD packages collection (about 25 different G-Kermit configurations available)gkermit_aix432-1_0_0_0.exe IBM / Bull AIX 4.3.2, Power CPUThe AIX version is a self-extracting ZIP archive that produces a bff file thatcan be installed with smit.Source-code archives are listed just below.If you have a C compiler, you should download the source archive, uncompressif it was compressed or gunzip if it was gzipped, unpack the tar archive with\"tar xf gku100.tar\", and then build from source code as explainedin Section 12. If you don't have a C compiler, downloadthe appropriate prebuilt binary, rename it to \"gkermit\", and give it executepermission (\"chmod +x gkermit\"). See Section 13for installation instructions. Filename Description gku100.tar.gz G-Kermit source tar archive, gzipped (62K) gku100.tar.Z G-Kermit source tar archive, compressed (90K) gku100.tar G-Kermit source tar archive, not compressed (212K) gku100.zip G-Kermit source ZIP archive (81K) gkermit68k.tar.gz G-Kermit sources, binaries, docs for CP/M-68K (117K) kermit/g/ Individual source and doc files (text)Individual binaries are also available for thosewho need them (contact us ifyou can make any that are not listed): Filename Description gku100.alpha-osf1-1.3 DEC Alpha with OSF/1 1.3 gku100.alpha-du-3.2 DEC Alpha with Digital UNIX 3.2 gku100.alpha-du-3.2c DEC Alpha with Digital UNIX 3.2C gku100.alpha-du-3.2d DEC Alpha with Digital UNIX 3.2D gku100.alpha-du-3.2g DEC Alpha with Digital UNIX 3.2G gku100.alpha-du-4.0b DEC Alpha with Digital UNIX 4.0B gku100.alpha-du-4.0c DEC Alpha with Digital UNIX 4.0C gku100.alpha-du-4.0d DEC Alpha with Digital UNIX 4.0D gku100.alpha-tru64-4.0e DEC Alpha with Tru64 UNIX 4.0E gku100.alpha-tru64-4.0f DEC Alpha with Tru64 UNIX 4.0F gku100.alpha-tru64-5.0a DEC Alpha with Tru64 UNIX 5.0A gku100.alpha-tru64-5.1 DEC Alpha with Tru64 UNIX 5.1 gku100.alpha-tru64-5.1a DEC Alpha with Tru64 UNIX 5.1A gku100.alpha-freebsd-3.4 DEC Alpha with FreeBSD 3.4 gku100.alpha-freebsd-4.4 DEC Alpha with FreeBSD 4.4 gku100.alpha-freebsd-4.5 DEC Alpha with FreeBSD 4.5 gku100.alpha-freebsd-4.6 DEC Alpha with FreeBSD 4.6 gku100.alpha-freebsd-4.7 DEC Alpha with FreeBSD 4.7 gku100.alpha-freebsd-6.0 DEC (HP) Alpha with FreeBSD 6.0 gku100.alpha-linux-db2.2 DEC Alpha with Linux Debian 2.2 gku100.alpha-linux-db3.0 DEC Alpha with Linux Debian 3.0 gku100.alpha-linux-rh5.2 DEC Alpha with Linux Red Hat 5.2 gku100.alpha-linux-rh6.1 DEC Alpha with Linux Red Hat 6.1 gku100.alpha-linux-rh6.2 DEC Alpha with Linux Red Hat 6.2 gku100.alpha-linux-rh7.1 DEC Alpha with Linux Red Hat 7.1 gku100.alpha-linux-su6.1 DEC Alpha with Linux SuSE 6.1 gku100.alpha-linux-su6.3 DEC Alpha with Linux SuSE 6.3 gku100.alpha-linux-su6.4 DEC Alpha with Linux SuSE 6.4 gku100.alpha-linux-su7.1 DEC Alpha with Linux SuSE 7.1 gku100.alpha-netbsd-1.4 DEC Alpha with NetBSD 1.4 gku100.alpha-netbsd-1.5.1 DEC Alpha with NetBSD 1.5.1 gku100.alpha-netbsd-1.5.2 DEC Alpha with NetBSD 1.5.2 gku100.alpha-netbsd-1.6 DEC Alpha with NetBSD 1.6 gku100.amd64-freebsd-6.1 AMD_64 with FreeBSD 6.1 gku100.armle-qnx-6.21 ARM platforms (Little Endian) QNX 6.21B gku100.armv41-linux-ipaq-db2.1 Compaq iPAQ H3650 Debian 2.1 gku100.armv41-linux-shark-db2.1 Compaq SA-110 Shark Palmtop gku100.armv41-linux-zaurus-sl550 Sharp Zaurus SL5500 Palmtop gku100.att3b2-sysv-3.1 AT&T 3B2/200 with System V R3.1 gku100.att7300-sysv-3.51 AT&T 7300 UNIX PC (3B1) with System V R3.51 gku100.clipper-clix-3.1 Intergraph InterPro 2020 with CLIX 3.1V7.6.27 gku100.cray_ymp-unicos-9.0 Cray Y-MP EL with UNICOS 9.0.2.2 gku100.hp9000s300-netbsd-1.3.1 HP 9000 Model 300 with NetBSD 1.3.1 gku100.hp9000s500-hpux-5.21 HP 9000 Model 550 with HP-UX 5.21 gku100.hp9000s300-hpux-6.5 HP 9000 Model 3xx with HP-UX 6.5 gku100.hp9000s300-hpux-7.05 HP 9000 Model 3xx with HP-UX 7.05 gku100.hp9000s300-hpux-8.00 HP 9000 Model 3xx with HP-UX 8.00 gku100.hp9000s400-hpux-8.00 HP 9000 Model 4xx with HP-UX 8.00 gku100.hp9000s300-hpux-9.03 HP 9000 Model 3xx with HP-UX 9.03 gku100.hp9000s700-hpux-9.05 HP 9000 Model 7xx with HP-UX 9.05 gku100.hp9000s700-hpux-9.07 HP 9000 Model 7xx with HP-UX 9.07 gku100.hp9000s300-hpux-9.10 HP 9000 Model 3xx with HP-UX 9.10 gku100.hp9000s700-hpux-10.01 HP 9000 Model 7xx with HP-UX 10.01 gku100.hp9000s700-hpux-10.20 HP 9000 Model 7xx with HP-UX 10.20 gku100.hp9000s800-hpux-10.20 HP 9000 Model 8xx with HP-UX 10.20 gku100.hp9000s700-hpux-11.00 HP 9000 Model 7xx with HP-UX 11.00 gku100.hp9000s800-hpux-11.00 HP 9000 Model 8xx with HP-UX 11.00 gku100.hp9000s700-hpux-11.11 HP 9000 Model 7xx with HP-UX 11.11 gku100.hp9000s800-hpux-11.11 HP 9000 Model 8xx with HP-UX 11.11 gku100.hp9000s800-hpux-11i-v2 HP 9000 Model 8xx with HP-UX 11i v2 gku100.i386-aix-1.2.1 PC (PS/2) with AIX 1.2.1 gku100.i386-beos-4.5 PC with BeOS 4.5 gku100.i386-bsdi-4.0.1 PC with BSDI/OS 4.0.1 gku100.i386-bsdi-4.1 PC with BSDI/OS 4.1 gku100.i386-bsdi-4.2 PC with BSDI/OS 4.2 gku100.i386-bsdi-4.3 PC with BSDI/OS 4.3 gku100.i386-coherent-4.2 PC with Mark Williams Coherent 4.2 gku100.i386-dgux54420 PC with DG/UX 5.4R4.20 gku100.i386-dynixptx-4.4.2 PC with Sequent DYNIX/ptx 4.4.2 gku100.i386-freebsd-1.0 PC with FreeBSD 1.0 gku100.i386-freebsd-2.2.7 PC with FreeBSD 2.2.7 gku100.i386-freebsd-2.2.8 PC with FreeBSD 2.2.8 gku100.i386-freebsd-3.1 PC with FreeBSD 3.1 gku100.i386-freebsd-3.3 PC with FreeBSD 3.3 gku100.i386-freebsd-3.4 PC with FreeBSD 3.4 gku100.i386-freebsd-4.0 PC with FreeBSD 4.0 gku100.i386-freebsd-4.2 PC with FreeBSD 4.2 gku100.i386-freebsd-4.3 PC with FreeBSD 4.3 gku100.i386-freebsd-4.4 PC with FreeBSD 4.4 gku100.i386-freebsd-4.5 PC with FreeBSD 4.5 gku100.i386-freebsd-4.6 PC with FreeBSD 4.6 gku100.i386-freebsd-4.7 PC with FreeBSD 4.7 gku100.i386-freebsd-4.8 PC with FreeBSD 4.8 gku100.i386-freebsd-5.0 PC with FreeBSD 5.0 gku100.i386-is5r3-4.1.1 PC with Interactive UNIX System V/386 R3.2 R4.1.1 gku100.i386-linux-ca3.1 PC with Caldera GNU/Linux 3.1 gku100.i386-linux-db2.1 PC with Debian GNU/Linux 2.1 gku100.i386-linux-db2.2 PC with Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 gku100.i386-linux-db3.0 PC with Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 gku100.i386-linux-md9.0 PC with Mandrake GNU/Linux 9.0 gku100.i386-linux-rh5.1 PC with Red Hat GNU/Linux 5.1 gku100.i386-linux-rh5.2 PC with Red Hat GNU/Linux 5.2 gku100.i386-linux-rh6.1 PC with Red Hat GNU/Linux 6.1 gku100.i386-linux-rh6.2 PC with Red Hat GNU/Linux 6.2 gku100.i386-linux-rh7.0 PC with Red Hat GNU/Linux 7.0 gku100.i386-linux-rh7.1 PC with Red Hat GNU/Linux 7.1 gku100.i386-linux-rh7.2 PC with Red Hat GNU/Linux 7.2 gku100.i386-linux-rh8.0 PC with Red Hat GNU/Linux 8.0 gku100.i386-linux-rh9 PC with Red Hat GNU/Linux 9 gku100.i386-linux-ra2.1 PC with Red Hat Advanced Server 2.1 gku100.i386-linux-su5.3 PC with SuSE GNU/Linux 5.3 gku100.i386-linux-su6.1 PC with SuSE GNU/Linux 6.1 gku100.i386-linux-su6.2 PC with SuSE GNU/Linux 6.2 gku100.i386-linux-su6.3 PC with SuSE GNU/Linux 6.3 gku100.i386-linux-su6.4 PC with SuSE GNU/Linux 6.4 gku100.i386-linux-su7.0 PC with SuSE GNU/Linux 7.0 gku100.i386-linux-su7.3 PC with SuSE GNU/Linux 7.3 gku100.i386-linux-sw3.4 PC with Slackware GNU/Linux 3.4 gku100.i386-linux-sw3.5 PC with Slackware GNU/Linux 3.5 gku100.i386-linux-sw4.0 PC with Slackware GNU/Linux 4.0 gku100.i386-linux-sw7.0 PC with Slackware GNU/Linux 7.0 gku100.i386-linux-sw7.1 PC with Slackware GNU/Linux 7.1 gku100.i386-linux-sw8.0 PC with Slackware GNU/Linux 8.0 gku100.i386-linux-sw9.0 PC with Slackware GNU/Linux 9.0 gku100.i386-linux-tu6.5 PC with TurboLinux 6.5 gku100.i386-linux-tu7.0 PC with TurboLinux 7.0 gku100.i386-minix-2.0.2 PC with Minix 2.0.2 (32-bit) gku100.i386-mpras-2.03 PC with NCR MP-RAS 2.03 gku100.i386-mpras-3.02 PC with NCR MP-RAS 3.02 gku100.i386-netbsd-1.4p PC with NetBSD 1.4P (ELF) gku100.i386-netbsd-1.4.1 PC with NetBSD 1.4.1 gku100.i386-netbsd-1.5.2 PC with NetBSD 1.5.2 gku100.i386-netbsd-1.5.4 PC with NetBSD 1.5.4 gku100.i386-netbsd-1.6 PC with NetBSD 1.6 gku100.i386-openbsd-2.5 PC with OpenBSD 2.5 gku100.i386-openbsd-2.9 PC with OpenBSD 2.9 gku100.i386-openbsd-3.0 PC with OpenBSD 3.0 gku100.i386-openbsd-3.1 PC with OpenBSD 3.1 gku100.i386-openbsd-3.2 PC with OpenBSD 3.2 gku100.i386-os2-3.0 PC with IBM OS/2 3.0 and EMX 0.9c gku100.i386-plan9 PC with Plan 9 from Bell Labs gku100.i286-qnx-4.25 PC with QNX 4.x (16 bit) gku100.i386-qnx-4.25 PC with QNX 4.25 (32 bit) gku100.i386-qnxnto-2 PC with QNX Neutrino 2+ gku100.i386-qnx-6.1 PC with QNX 6.1 gku100.i386-qnx-6.21 PC with QNX 6.21B gku100.i386-scoxenix-2.3.4 PC with SCO XENIX 2.3.4 gku100.i386-scounix-3.2v4.2 PC with SCO UNIX 3.2v4.2 gku100.i386-scoodt-3.0 PC with SCO ODT 3.0 gku100.i386-scoosr5-5.0.2 PC with SCO OSR5.0.2 gku100.i386-scoosr5-5.0.4 PC with SCO OSR5.0.4 gku100.i386-scoosr5-5.0.5 PC with SCO OSR5.0.5 gku100.i386-scoosr5-5.0.6 PC with SCO OSR5.0.6 gku100.i386-scoosr5-5.0.7 PC with SCO OSR5.0.7 gku100.i386-scoosr6-6.0.0 PC with SCO OSR6.0.0 gku100.i386-scoou8-8.0.0 PC with SCO Open Unix 8.0.0 gku100.i386-scoou8-8.0.1 PC with SCO Open Unix 8.0.1 gku100.i386-sinix-5.41 PC with Siemens Nixdorf SINIX-L 5.41 gku100.i386-solaris-2.5.1 PC with Solaris 2.5.1 gku100.i386-solaris-2.6 PC with Solaris 2.6 gku100.i386-solaris-8 PC with Solaris 8 gku100.i386-solaris-9 PC with Solaris 9 gku100.i386-solaris-10 PC with Solaris 10 gku100.i386-unixware-2.1.0 PC with UnixWare 2.1.0 gku100.i386-unixware-2.1.3 PC with UnixWare 2.1.3 gku100.i386-unixware-7.0.1 PC with UnixWare 7.0.1 gku100.i386-unixware-7.1.0 PC with UnixWare 7.1.0 gku100.i386-unixware-7.1.1 PC with UnixWare 7.1.1 gku100.i386-unixware-7.1.3 PC with UnixWare 7.1.3 gku100.ia64-hpux-11.22 IA64 (Itanium) with HP-UX 11.22i v2 gku100.ia64-hpux-11.23 IA64 (Itanium) with HP-UX 11.23i v2 gku100.ia64-linux-db3.0 IA64 (Itanium) with Debian Linux 3.0 gku100.ia64-linux-rh7.1 IA64 (Itanium) with Red Hat Linux 7.1 gku100.ia64-linux-rh7.2 IA64 (Itanium) with Red Hat Linux 7.2 gku100.ia64-linux-su7.2 IA64 (Itanium) with SuSE Linux 7.2 gku100.m68k-linux-db2.1 Motorola 680x0 with Linux Debian 2.1 gku100.m68k-linux-db2.2 Motorola 680x0 with Linux Debian 2.2 gku100.m68k-netbsd-1.4.2a Motorola 680x0 with NetBSD 1.4.2-Alpha gku100.m68k-cpm68k-1.2 Motorola 68020 with CP/M-68K 1.2 (rename to gkermit.rel) gku100.m68k-sv68-r3.6 Motorola MVME 147 68K, System V/68 R3V6 gku100.mvme68k-netbsd-1.5.2 Motorola MVME 147 or 167 m68k, NetBSD 1.5.2 gku100.m68k-nextstep-3.1 NeXTstation with NeXTSTEP 3.1 gku100.m68k-nextstep-3.3 NeXTstation with NeXTSTEP 3.3 gku100.m68k-openstep-4.2 NeXTstation with OPENSTEP 4.2 gku100.m68k-tandy6000-xenix-3.0 Tandy 16/6000 Microsoft XENIX 3.02.00 gku100.m88k-dgux-5.4r3.10 Data General AViiON 88110 with DG/UX 5.4R3.10 gku100.m88k-dgux-5.4r4.11 Data General AViiON 88110 with DG/UX 5.4R4.11 gku100.m88k-sv88-r4.3 Motorola MVME 187 88K, System V R4 V4.3 gku100.m88k-sv88-r4.4 Motorola MVME 187 88K, System V R4 V4.4 gku100.mips-irix-5.3 SGI with IRIX 5.3 (MIPS-1) gku100.mips-irix-6.2 SGI with IRIX 6.2 (MIPS-2) gku100.mips-irix-6.3 SGI with IRIX 6.3 (MIPS-2) gku100.mips-irix-6.2-n32 SGI with IRIX 6.2 (MIPS-3) gku100.mips-irix-6.2-64 SGI with IRIX 6.2 (64-bit) gku100.mips-irix-6.5.2 SGI with IRIX 6.5.2 gku100.mips-irix-6.5.4 SGI with IRIX 6.5.4 gku100.mips-irix-6.5.6 SGI with IRIX 6.5.6 gku100.mips-irix-6.5.10 SGI with IRIX 6.5.10 gku100.mips-be-qnx-6.21 MIPS platforms (Big Endian) QNX 6.21B gku100.mips-le-qnx-6.21 MIPS platforms (Little Endian) QNX 6.21B gku100.mips-sinix-5.42 Siemens Nixdorf RM200 with SINIX 5.42 gku100.mips-reliant-5.43 Siemens Nixdorf RM600 with Reliant UNIX 5.43 gku100.mips-reliant-5.44 Siemens Nixdorf RM600 with Reliant UNIX 5.44 gku100.mips-linux-db3.0 DECstation 5000 with Debian Linux 3.0 gku100.mips-linux-gentoo-1.4.16 SGI Indy-200 with Gentoo Linux 1.4.16 gku100.mips-netbsd-1.4.1 DECstation 5000 with NetBSD 1.4.1 gku100.mips-ultrix-4.3 DECstation 5000 with Ultrix 4.3 gku100.mips-ultrix-4.3a DECstation 5000 with Ultrix 4.3A gku100.pdp11-bsd-2.11 DEC PDP-11/44() with 2.11BSD gku100.pdp11-ultrix11-3.0 DEC PDP-11/23+ with Ultrix-11 3.0 (no I&D) gku100.vax-bsd-4.2 DEC VAX with 4.2BSD gku100.vax-bsd-4.3 DEC VAX with 4.3BSD gku100.vax-ultrix-3.0 DEC VAX with Ultrix 3.0 gku100.vax-ultrix-4.5 DEC VAX with Ultrix 4.5 gku100.parisc-ftx-3.4 Stratus Continuum (PA-RISC), FTX 3.4 gku100.ppc-linux-db2.2 Apple Power Mac with Linux Debian 2.2 gku100.ppc-linux-yd2.3 Apple Power Mac with Linux Yellow Dog 2.3 gku100.ppc-linuxppc-1999q2 Apple Power Mac with LinuxPPC 1999 Q2 gku100.ppc-linuxppc-2000q4 Apple Power Mac with LinuxPPC 2000 Q4 gku100.ppc-linux-su6.3 Apple Power Mac with Linux SuSE 6.3 gku100.ppc-linux-su6.4 Apple Power Mac with Linux SuSE 6.4 gku100.ppc-macosx-1.0 Apple Power Mac with Mac OS X 1.0 (Rhapsody 5.5) gku100.ppc-macosx-10.1.1 Apple Power Mac with Mac OS X 10.1.1 gku100.ppc-darwin-1.3.3 Apple Power Mac with Apple Darwin 1.3.3 gku100.ppc-darwin-5.3 Apple Power Mac with Apple Darwin 5.3 gku100.ppc-macosx-10.2 Apple Power Mac with Mac OS X 10.2 gku100.ppc-beos-4.5 BeBox, BeOS 4.5 gku100.ppc-powermax-5.1 Concurrent PowerMAX OS 5.1 gku100.ppc-qnx-6.21 PowerPC (Big Endian) QNX 6.21B gku100.rtpc-aix-2.2.1 IBM RT PC, AIX 2.2.1 gku100.rtpc-aos-4.3 IBM RT PC, AOS 4.3BSD gku100.rs6000-aix-3.2.0 IBM Power Series with AIX 3.2.0 gku100.rs6000-aix-3.2.5 IBM Power Series with AIX 3.2.5 gku100.ppc-aix-4.1.3 IBM Power Series with AIX 4.1.3 gku100.ppc-aix-4.1.5 IBM Power Series with AIX 4.1.5 gku100.ppc-aix-4.2.1 IBM Power Series with AIX 4.2.1 gku100.ppc-aix-4.3.2 IBM Power Series with AIX 4.3.2 gku100.ppc-aix-4.3.3 IBM Power Series with AIX 4.3.3 gku100.ppc-aix-5.1 IBM Power Series with AIX 5.1 gku100.pyramid-dcosx-1.1 Pyramid MIS-ES6/1024 SMP DC-OSx1.1-95c087.4 gku100.s390-linux390 IBM System/390 with Linux/390 gku100.s390-linux-su7.0 IBM System/390 with SuSE Linux 7.0 gku100.sh4-qnx-6.21 SH4 platforms (Little Endian) QNX 6.21B gku100.sun3-sunos-4.1.1 Sun/3 with SunOS 4.1.1 gku100.sparc-linux-db2.2 Sun Sparc with Linux Debian 2.2 gku100.sparc-linux-rh6.1 Sun Sparc with Linux Red Hat 6.1 gku100.sparc-linux-rh6.2 Sun Sparc with Linux Red Hat 6.2 gku100.sparc-linux-su7.1 Sun Sparc with Linux SuSE Linux 7.1 gku100.sparc-netbsd-1.4.1 Sun Sparc with NetBSD 1.4.1 gku100.sparc-openbsd-2.3 Sun Sparc with OpenBSD 2.3 gku100.sparc-sunos-4.1.1 Sun Sparc with SunOS 4.1.1 gku100.sparc-sunos-4.1.3 Sun Sparc with SunOS 4.1.3 gku100.sparc-solaris-1.0.1 Sun (Tadpole) SparcBook2 with Solaris 1.0.1 gku100.sparc-solaris-2.4 Sun Sparc with Solaris 2.4 gku100.sparc-solaris-2.5.1 Sun Sparc with Solaris 2.5.1 gku100.sparc-solaris-2.6 Sun Sparc with Solaris 2.6 gku100.sparc-solaris-7 Sun Sparc with Solaris 7 gku100.sparc-solaris-8 Sun Sparc with Solaris 8 gku100.sparc-solaris-9 Sun Sparc with Solaris 9 gku100.sparc-solaris-10 Sun Sparc with Solaris 10 gku100.x86_64-linux-rh3.0as AMD Opteron x86 64-bit Red Hat Linux 3AS17. BOOTSTRAPPINGTHIS PROCEDURE ASSUMES THE TARGET COMPUTER HAS A UUDECODE PROGRAMAND AN UNCOMPRESS PROGRAM.G-Kermit is especially handy when your UNIX computer has no other filetransfer method that you can use. In this case, it is often possible to\"bootstrap\" G-Kermit onto your computer because of its small size. SupposeComputer A is a UNIX computer on the Internet, and Computer B is theunconnected computer where you want to install G-Kermit. Download the binaryfor Computer B to Computer A from the Kermit website, then compress it oncomputer A, and then uuencode it, for example(the parts you type are underlined):$ mv gku100.att7300-sysv-3.51 gkermit$ compress gkermit$ uuencode gkermit.Z gkermit.Z > gkermit.Z.uueThis gives a 35K text file having 573 lines. Now use a terminal emulator suchas C-Kermit, Kermit 95, or MS-DOS Kermit to make a connection to Computer B,for example by modem or direct serial connection, log in, and give a \"cat\"command to copy incoming characters to a file; for exampleC-Kermit> set line /dev/ttyS0C-Kermit> set speed 57600C-Kermit> set set flow-control noneC-Kermit> set carrier-watch offC-Kermit> connectlogin: youruseridPassword: $$ cat > gkermit.Z.uueNow \"escape back\" from the connection by typing Ctrl-Backslash(hold down the Ctrl key and press the Backslash (\\) key); now you shouldhave the \"C-Kermit>\" prompt again. At the C-Kermit prompt give a TRANSMITcommand for the uuencoded file, e.g.:C-Kermit> transmit gkermit.Z.uueIf you are using a non-Kermit terminal program, it probably won't have aTRANSMIT command, but it is likely have an \"upload with ASCII protocol\"choice in its protocols menu, so use that.When the upload is finished, connect back to Computer B andtype Ctrl-D (hold down the Ctrl key and press the D key)to close the new file and return to the shell prompt, and then:$ uudecode gkermit.Z.uue$ uncompress gkermit.Z$ chmod +x gkermitNow you have a file transfer program on computer B. Of course thisbootstrapping method is error prone since \"ASCII\" is not an error-correctingprotocol, so you might have to try several times, perhaps reducing your serialspeed. But once gkermit is successfully installed on Computer B, you can useit to transfer files into and out of Computer B to/from any computer that has aKermit program and that can make a connection to Computer B. You can also usegkermit to receive the larger C-Kermit, which thengives Computer B dialout and scripting capabilities.For those who need to bootstrap G-Kermit from a non-UNIX platform, eachG-Kermit binary has been compressed and uuencoded for you. In fact, thereis a dot-Z version (compressed with UNIX 'compress') and a dot-gz version(compressed with GNU gzip), for example: gku100.i386-scoxenix-2.3.4.Z.uue (compress: 34K, 550 lines) gku100.i386-scoxenix-2.3.4.gz.uue (gzip: 25K, 408 lines)The names correspond to those in the binaries list, but with \".Z.uue\"added for compressed versions and \".gz.uue\" added for gzip'dversions.CLICK HERE for FTP access.Top Kermit Home 59ce067264 https://www.fjwcreations.com/forum/diy-forum/bmw-3-buy

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Download Spectrum DOWNLOAD === https://shoxet.com/2tl09w The HTTP link in the Download Options column below directs you to the Passport Advantage Online Web site. Passport Advantage is a secure Web site that requires an account ID and password. It makes all of the component and platform images associated with IBM Spectrum Protect Snapshot available for download.You can locate images on the Passport Advantage Online Web site by using the part number as the search query. For example, to locate the IBM Spectrum Protect Snapshot 8.1.9 image for the Windows platform, use CC3JRML as the search query. Attention: you are running an obsolete browser! We advise you update your software to a newer version or download an alternative browser: download here the latest version of Firefox.If you are running a Windows Operating System on a low performance computer we recommend installing Midori. Beta versions of v0.8.5 installers for Windows and macOS are now available, you can get them on the download page. The packages include all the features and fixes accumulated over the last few years. Some of the highlights: This program started as a simple FFT program running under DOS a long timeago, but it is now a specialized audio analyzer, filter, frequency converter,hum filter, data logger etc (see history). You can download it from this site. Or look into the manual (in HTML format), even though the manual included in the archive will be more up-to-date. Furthermore, the same manual has occasionallybeen converted into a single PDF (SpecLab_Manual.pdf), but any attemptto create a common index and table of contents for this PDF, using OpenOffice (with proper page numbers instead of the hyperlinks)has failed miserably - see note in the preface of the PDF document.If you are looking for a short description in German language, look here. The revision history is here. How to use SpecLab with SDR-IQ is described here;how to use SpecLab with PERSEUS (without an annoying virtual audio cable)is here,and how to use SpecLab with software-defined radios supporting ExtIO (instead of a soundcard),like FiFi-SDR, RTL-SDR, FunCube, SDRplay RSP, etc etc, is described here.If you need help getting the program running, or have questions about aparticular function, look into theSpectrum Lab User'sforum at groups.io (not at Yahoo anymore).. (SpecLab screenshot in \"Colour Direction Finder\" mode, VLF spectrum,colourbearing)Spectrum Lab runs under Windows 98 to Windows 10 (not sure about laterversions of Windows, since the author won't use them), and Linux/WINE.Features Input can be taken from the soundcard, but the \"audio utility\" interface makes it possible to create an interface to any A/D converter you like (for example a PIC with serial interface). A plugin for Winamp allows to analyse audio streams from the internet (see download section). Besides the soundcard and the interfaces supported by the \"audio utilities\", SpecLab directly supports SDR-IQ and SDR-14 (by RFSpace, Inc), and PERSEUS (by Microtelecom s.r.l.). Demodulated output is usually sent to the soundcard, but can be sent anywhere else (including an MP3- or OggVorbis encoded stream using Winamp/Oddcast and a special Audio-I/O DLL, which acts as an input plugin for Winamp). Selectable and adjustable waterfall color palette allows you to change the contrast of the waterfall display during and after receiving spectrum lines (\"contrast\" & \"brightness\" - sliders) Frequency range can be adjusted while running, the old part of the waterfall display will automatically be re-drawn without stopping the audio processing. Special waterfall mode for \"Radio Direction Finder\" with colour-coded azimuth display, based on DF6NM's Wideband Direction Finder with Colour Encoded Spectrogram Display. Now with up to three \"notches\" (adjustable nulls in the synthesized antenna pattern) to suppress noise from certain directions. Special \"multi-strip\" waterfall mode for long term observation of relatively narrow bands Reassigned spectrogram for higher time- and frequency resolution, if certain conditions are fulfilled (since 2009-06) Support for image-cancelling direct conversion receivers ( quadrature input via stereo soundcard ) Very sharp, FFT-based audio filters which can also be used to shift and invert frequencies, with auto notch, denoiser, etc. New (2007-02): Write your own plugin for the FFT filter ! Waterfall display may run from top to bottom, or from right to left (good for HELL modes) Calculation of peak levels, peak frequencies, noise levels, effective values, SINAD, etc File logging and file analysis with WAVE files ( now with 'Triggered Audio Recorder' + pre-trigger option ) Periodic or scheduled actions, for example to capture the screen as BMP or JPEG file Audio sample rates from 8000 to 192000 samples per second. 192 kS/second only tested with a few cards, using ASIO drivers and / or standard multimedia driver. With extra hardware (like software-defined receivers with high-speed USB interfaces), even higher sampling rates (and thus bandwidths) are possible. 16-bit ADC resolution giving about 90dB of input range (plus additional FFT gain!) 24-bit resolution possible with certain cards (tested with Audigy 2 ZS; 2004-05) Frequency resolution in the sub-milliHertz range (exceeding the stability of the soundcard's clock generator). FFT output is buffered in an array with adjustable size for long-term observations (with \"scroll-back-in-time\" while analysis continues). Furthermore, the FFT output can be recorded (exported) in various formats. Signal generators with selectable waveform, frequency, and optional modulation, plus noise generator Hum filter to remove 50 Hz (or 60 Hz) plus harmonics, based on Paul Nicholson's algorithm for a multi-stage comb filter with automatic tracking. If you are interested in improving your Natural Radio reception, read Paul's Notes on Domestic VLF Reception. Frequency converter to shift low \"IF\"-frequencies (e.g. 17.2 kHz) to audible tones (650 Hz, etc) in real-time. Can be used in a 'soft-VLF-RX'. Other demodulators in DSP-blackbox. Decoder for some time-code transmitters: MSF(60kHz), HBG(75kHz), DCF77 (77.5kHz) can now be used to set your PC clock to a high accuracy. All you need is your longwave receiver and the soundcard. Modulator and decoder for some 'experimental' digital communication modes like PSK31, BPSK, QPSK, FSK, multi-tone HELL, MSK (minimum shift keying since 2004-12), transmission and reception of letters with a small 'terminal' window. A DLL interface is available to use Spectrum Lab for new digital transmission modes (but not in use yet). Fast waterfall with up to 200 waterfall lines per second, making it possible to decode even fast Morse code by eye (though it wasn't intended for that, it's fun to watch) versatile export function (text-file based, for post-processing with Excel etc.). Brian, CT1DRP has used the export functions to create spectrograms and signal graphs of the 136kHz band. Built-in HTTP server so you can write a (simple) user interface for SpecLab in HTML (intended to be used in a LAN, not as a fully-fledged web server). Communication with other applications through a simple message-based system, which is also used by SpecLab to communicate with the RDF calculator (range-and-bearing calculator + map plotter, link may work on the main site only).(screenshot of \"Components\" window from an older version)Features which this analyzer does not have (but others do...): Due to its 'Laboratory' nature, this analyzer is not as easy to use as ARGO (by I2PHD and IK2CZL, available on Alberto's homepage: www.weaksignals.com ). Some Applications AMSAT-DL's Earth-Venus-Earth experiment on 2.4 GHz at the Bochum radio telescopeIn March 2009, a group of radio amateurs successfully bounced a radio signaloff Venus, over a distance of (2*) 45 million kilometers. A short descriptionof the reception technique (software) can be foundhere; more details are on theAMSAT-DL website, and in the AMSATjournal soon. Thanks to DD5ER, DJ1CR, DJ4ZC, DH2VA, DK8CI, DL1YDD, G3RUH,ON6UG, and everyone else who contributed, for being part of the team. The configuration used for the (2.4 GHz) EVE test is part of the installationpackage now (EVE-SDR-IQ-5kHz_2G4.usr); we used the SDR-IQ for this. If youwant to try something similar and have a PERSEUS receiver, useEVE-Perseus_2G4.usr instead. Beacon Logger for DI2AG (July 2005)How to use Spectrum Lab to produce field strength plots of DI2AG, an experimentalmedium wave beacon on 440 kHz in southern Germany. It realizes some ideaswe spoke about at the Ham Radio fair in Friedrichshafen (June 2005). Moreinfo in this document (up to now, in german language only) :Beschreibung des Einsatzes von SpectrumLab als Bakenlogger für DI2AG. Update 2007: DI2AG has moved to 505kHz now (which is a new amateur radio band in many countries - with the exceptionof Germany..). Hellschreiber Modes in Spectrum Lab (Nov. 2004)There is a special narrow-band transmission mode in Spectrum Lab's \"digimodeterminal\" called Chirped Hell, based on an idea by Markus, DF6NM. We usedit on the amateur longwave band (136 kHz) to make some narrow band transmission.A special property of Markus' Chirped Hell principle is the relatively lowcrest factor, so it can be used to transmit characters (and even small images)quite effectively, but (unlike sequential multi-tone hell) you need a lineartransmitter. An image received on a waterfall in \"QRSS 3\" mode may look likethis: LowFER Receiver Using a \"Software\" IFThis article by LyleKoehler, KØLR, describes a simple \"software defined\" receiverand some other (easier-to-use) alternatives to SpecLab too. Don't miss Lyle'sdownconversion circuits which he sucessfully uses to the receive US-AmericanLowFER beacons. The last part describes how to log fieldstrengths of LowFERbeacons with Spectrum Lab's plot window. G7IZU Radio Reflection Detection PageThis nice website by Andy G7IZUmonitors Meteor Shower, Aurora Sporadic-E and Solar Flares in real time,mostly using reflections of radio signals in the 50 MHz region. VE2AZX precise frequency measurementsJacques, VE2AZX, describeshere how SpectrumLab can be used for precise frequency measurements in the millihertz region.Don't miss his detailed description - it's actually better than SpecLab'sbuilt-in help system ;-) Bat ConverterIf you have a suitable soundcard, you can use SpecLab to make ultrasonicbat calls visible and audible in real-time. In the menu, select \"QuickSettings\"..\"Natural Radio / Animal Voices\" .. \"Bat Converter\". This configurationrequires a soundcard with true 96 kHz sampling rate, and a PC with at least1.7 GHz. The software shows the call in a fast spectrogram (with high timeresolution, but little frequency resolution), and converts the ultrasounddown to audio, notches out constant-frequency \"carriers\" (like your CRT monitor'sline sync frequency, which is annoying if it's in the \"bat band\"), and finallypasses the downconverted and filtered signal through an automatic gain controlstage.As a test, I used a cheap miniature electret microphone to makethis recording of bat sounds(96 kHz, 16 bit, mono .. right-click to save it). If you play it with a normalaudio player, you will hardly hear anything. But if you play it into SpecLab(menu \"File\"..\"Audio Files\"..\"Analyze and Play\", with the \"Bat Converter\"setting loaded, you will hear the bat calls. I don't know which species itis yet, but they seem to be quite frequent in this part of Germany. FFT Filter PluginsThe FFT-based filter in Spectrum Lab is already very versatile, but it canstill be extended with a \"filter plugin\". These plugins come in the formof a special windows DLL which can be loaded from the filter control panel.Such plugins can be written with any C / C++ Compiler (recommended: BorlandC++Builder V4 or DevCpp V4.9.9.2; the latter is a free development systembased on the GNU / MinGW compiler). To develop your own plugin, downloadthis FFTFilter Plugin package - it contains all required information requiredto write a filter plugin, and a sample plugin written in the \"C\" programminglanguage. NOTE: THE DLL INTERFACE IS STILL \"SUBJECT TO CHANGE\" ! Download Spectrum Lab..To check if you have the latest version of Spectrum Lab, compare the textin the main window's title bar with the revision number and compilation dateat the top of this document. For example, if you have \"Spectrum LaboratoryV2.2 b1\", it is way too old. If you have SL already installed, you can checkif it's up-to-date by selecting Help .. Check for Updatein the main menu. The primary download site for Spectrum Lab is here: Primary: www.qsl.net/dl4yhf/speclab/install_speclab.zip, (V2.95 b3, compiled 2020-10-03 or later, with new output switches, a bugfix in the noiseblanker, Ogg/Vorbis audio file reader and -writer, wave files with 24-bit integer and 32-bit floating point samples, GPS (NMEA) decoder also through the soundcard, input resampler optionally using the GPS PPS output for synchronisation, support for Winrad-compatible ExtIO-DLLs (also for FiFi-SDR), new controls for the filter passbands on the main frequency scale... see revision history. The latest additions were: OpenWebRX-alike server for remote live audio and waterfall in a web browser (details here) Extended CAT/CI-V protocol to display broadband spectra from an IC-7300, IC-7610, IC-7851, etc() Forwarding of CI-V messages from and to multiple clients (e.g. WSJT-X, RS-BA1) on extra serial ports Timestamped event queue for the Conditional Actions Non-differential encoding for experimental (B)PSK transmissions New sample formats received over the serial port (e.g. from the GPSDO currently under development) Modified the reader for non-compressed, timestamped web streams (and their logfiles; *.dat) Modified triggered audio recorder Modified COM port enumeration because a stupid Bluetooth driver blocked the application for many seconds Spectrum buffer can be retrieved as JSON object via SL's integrated web server Different buffer sizes for audio processing and soundcard I/O Modified Audio-I/O DLL interface (bugfix in the configuration dialog) Support for RTL-SDR (via ExtIO-DLL) Improved speed, at the expense of compatibility with ancient 80486 EbNaut-recorder configuration files Compressed Ogg/Vorbis file selectable for recording audio (besides non-compressed Wave audio) Backup: _speclab.zip. Installer-less ZIP: www.qsl.net/dl4yhf/speclab/SpectrumLab_without_Installer.zip. 'BETA': www.qsl.net/dl4yhf/speclab/install_speclab_beta_2023_02_28.zip (This is seriously 'under construction', and is really \"only for beta testing\" yet..): Contains all the above, plus some new (unstable) features which are not required for 'normal' use: Up to 40 simultaneously running instances (if you have plenty of RAM; not tested yet), Automatic closing of audio devices shortly before system suspend (\"PC sleeping\"), and automatic re-opening after resume (\"wakeup from sleep\"), and a tiny subset of the OpenWebRX server functionality which can be used to put your IC-7300 or IC-9700 'online'. If the beta-installer doesn't exist, there is no 'beta' at the moment, so use the release version above. Details about the new installer (with separate 'Program' and 'Data' folders) are here. If the new installer doesn't work on your system (especially Vista / Windows 7), please report your observations on the Spectrum Lab User's group at groups.io - thanks in advance .As an alternative, check the download section onKo Versteeg's website .Don't trust any other download site - neither \"softpedia\", nor \"freedownloadmanager\",nor anyone else because you never know what those sites did to/with the files.Some of those sites claim they performed an extra 'virus check', but noneof those site's owners has ever asked me (the author of Spectrum Lab) for permissionto re-distribute or even re-package the installer, so 'by default' I would not trust any of these sites.The archive includes EXE-file, sample setting files, help system (in HTMLformat) and a few other goodies, but not utilities below.Some additional utilities which may be useful: Winamp output plugin to send audio data directly from Winamp to Spectrum Lab (not via soundcard) FFT filter plugins allow you to insert your own subroutines (compiled into a DLL) into the signal path, where signals are processed in the frequency domain . Soundcard utility sourcecodes contains an example to send an audio stream to Spectrum Lab, using WM_COPYDATA messages. The zipped archive also contains the \"C\" headers with structure definitions for interaction between SL and other applications (audiomsg.h) . If you want to write your own program to control Spectrum Lab, readthis document which explains howto communicate with it using simple WM_COPYDATA messages (the same datastructures are used to exchange audio via UDP or TCP, too). 59ce067264 https://www.help2heal.co.uk/forum/self-help-forum/buy-iv-glutathione

The Inflationary Universe: The Quest For A New ... The Inflationary Universe: The Quest For A New ... ===> https://ssurll.com/2tkZhU Amazon.comFind in a libraryAll sellers _OC_InitNavbar({\"child_node\":[{\"title\":\"My library\",\"url\":\" =114584440181414684107\\u0026source=gbs_lp_bookshelf_list\",\"id\":\"my_library\",\"collapsed\":true},{\"title\":\"My History\",\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"my_history\",\"collapsed\":true},{\"title\":\"Books on Google Play\",\"url\":\" \",\"id\":\"ebookstore\",\"collapsed\":true}],\"highlighted_node_id\":\"\"});The Inflationary Universe: The Quest for a New Theory of Cosmic OriginsAlan H. GuthVintage, 1998 - Big bang theory - 358 pages 1 ReviewReviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes fake content when it's identifiedThe classic Big Bang theory describes what happened after the bang. Guth looks at the questions the theory can't answer, such as - if matter can neither be created or destroyed, how could so much matter arise from nothing at all What people are saying - Write a reviewReviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes fake content when it's identifiedUser Review - Flag as inappropriateI've owned this book since 1998 & it remains a source of inspiration into the early mechanisms of the inflationary model of the universe and why it looks and behaves the way it does in respect to galactic evolution and possible fate of the universe. Fascinating does not say enough or do the book justice. The Inflation Theory, developed by Alan Guth, Andrei Linde, Paul Steinhardt, and Andy Albrecht, offers solutions to these problems and several other open questions in cosmology. It proposes a period of extremely rapid (exponential) expansion of the universe prior to the more gradual Big Bang expansion, during which time the energy density of the universe was dominated by a cosmological constant-type of vacuum energy that later decayed to produce the matter and radiation that fill the universe today. That's not what I'm going to talk about. I want to talk about the conventional inflationary picture, and in particular the great boost that this picture has attained over the past few years by the somewhat shocking revelation of a new form of energy that exists in the universe. This energy, for lack of a better name, is typically called \"dark energy.\" But let me start the story further back. Inflationary theory itself is a twist on the conventional Big Bang theory. The shortcoming that inflation is intended to overcome is the basic fact that, although the Big Bang theory is called the Big Bang it is in fact not really a theory of a bang at all; it never was. The conventional Big Bang theory, without inflation, was really only a theory of the aftermath of the Bang. It started with all of the matter in the universe already in place, already undergoing rapid expansion, already incredibly hot. There was no explanation of how it got that way. Inflation is an attempt to answer that question, to say what \"banged,\" and what drove the universe into this period of enormous expansion. Inflation does that very wonderfully. It explains not only what caused the universe to expand, but also the origin of essentially all the matter in the universe at the same time. I qualify that with the word \"essentially\" because in a typical version of the theory inflation needs about a gram's worth of matter to start. So, inflation is not quite a theory of the ultimate beginning, but it is a theory of evolution that explains essentially everything that we see around us, starting from almost nothing. There are two primary predictions that come out of inflationary models that appear to be testable today. They have to do (1) with the mass density of the universe, and (2) with the properties of the density non-uniformities. I'd like to say a few words about each of them, one at a time. Let me begin with the question of flatness. The most recent data set was made by an experiment called the Cosmic Background Imager, which released a new set of data in May that is rather spectacular. This graph of the spectrum is rather complicated because these fluctuations are produced during the inflationary era, but then oscillate as the early universe evolves. Thus, what you see is a picture that includes the original spectrum plus all of the oscillations which depend on various properties of the universe. A remarkable thing is that these curves now show five separate peaks, and all five of the peaks show good agreement between theory and observation. You can see that the peaks are in about the right place and have about the right heights, without any ambiguity, and the leading peak is rather well-mapped-out. It's a rather remarkable fit between actual measurements made by astronomers, and a theory based on wild ideas about quantum fluctuations at 10-35 seconds. The data is so far in beautiful agreement with the theory. At the present time this inflationary theory, which a few years ago was in significant conflict with observation now works perfectly with our measurements of the mass density and the fluctuations. The evidence for a theory that's either the one that I'm talking about or something very close to it is very, very strong. Amazon FranceTrouver en bibliothèqueTous les vendeurs _OC_InitNavbar({\"child_node\":[{\"title\":\"Ma bibliothèque\",\"url\":\" =114584440181414684107\\u0026hl=fr\\u0026source=gbs_lp_bookshelf_list\",\"id\":\"my_library\",\"collapsed\":true},{\"title\":\"Mon historique\",\"url\":\"\",\"id\":\"my_history\",\"collapsed\":true},{\"title\":\"Livres sur Google Play\",\"url\":\" \",\"id\":\"ebookstore\",\"collapsed\":true}],\"highlighted_node_id\":\"\"});The Inflationary Universe: The Quest For A New Theory Of Cosmic OriginsAlan GuthBasic Books, 8 mai 1997 - 358 pages 0 AvisLes avis ne sont pas validés, mais Google recherche et supprime les faux contenus lorsqu'ils sont identifiés\"The classic big bang theory is great at describing what happened after the bang. Yet until recently, particle physicists and cosmologists were stuck on many questions that the big bang theory couldn't answer, including: What made the big bang BANG in the first place If matter can be neither created nor destroyed, how could so much matter arise from nothing at all Why can we only see a minute part of the mega-universe\" \"In 1979, a young particle physicist named Alan Guth answered these questions and made front-page news with one of the greatest discoveries in modern cosmology: cosmic inflation. This is the compelling, first-hand account of Guth's paradigm-breaking discovery of the origins of the universe; and it is a fascinating chronicle of his dramatic struggle to justify it.\" \"Guth's startling theory states that in the billion-trillion-trillionth of a second before the big bang, there was a period of hyper-rapid \"inflation\" that got the big bang started. Inflation modifies our picture of only the first small fraction of a second in the history of the universe, and then it joins onto the standard big bang theory, preserving all of the successes of the older theory. But because inflation explains the bang itself, it is a much richer theory than the older versions of the big bang.\"--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved Avis des internautes - Rédiger un commentaireLes avis ne sont pas validés, mais Google recherche et supprime les faux contenus lorsqu'ils sont identifiésThe inflationary universe: the quest for a new theory of cosmic originsAvis d'utilisateur - Not Available - Book VerdictIn late 1979, Guth developed concept of the \"inflationary universe,\" proposing that, very soon after the Big Bang, the tightly packed mass that constituted the universe underwent an exceptionally ... Consulter l'avis complet The inflationary universe scenario postulates that at some time in the very early history of the universe a period of extremely rapid (superluminal) expansion occurred. Inflation is probably the single most important idea to arise in scientific cosmology since the early 1960s, when the foundations of modem big bang cosmology were laid. It potentially explains several observed features of the universe for which there is no other known explanation, as will be discussed below. The best ideas on why inflation might occur are inspired by exotic but established concepts of modem particle physics. Indeed, a period of inflation can be triggered by phase transitions of the sort that are predicted by particle physics models to occur under extreme conditions of temperature and density, such as occurred close to the big bang. The intellectual origin of the inflationary universe scenario can be traced, with a precision unusual for modem science, to a specific date and author. On 6 December 1979 the author of the book under review, Alan Guth, realized that the models of particle physics he was analyzing for other purposes could, under reasonable assumptions, trigger an inflationary epoch. Equally important, he realized that the occurrence of such an epoch would answer some major cosmological riddles. There were partial anticipations before, and many refinements and applications were added later, but clearly Guth's contribution was the central one. Moreover, he is an exceptionally lucid and painstaking writer. It is uniquely fitting, therefore, that he should present this subject to the general public. This scenario provides explanations for some puzzles in cosmology: why the universe is so large, why it is so uniform, and why it is so nearly flat (scientists can not detect the large-scale spatial curvature effects associated with general relativity). Most importantly, this scenario provides an explanation for the origin of large-scale structure in the universe: Clusters of galaxies arise from seed perturbations generated by quantum fluctuations in the very early universe, amplified vastly in size by the inflationary expansion of the universe and in amplitude by gravitational instability after the decoupling of matter and radiation. A major triumph of the theory is that the subtle variations in the cosmic background radiation it predicted have been observed from satellites and balloons. 59ce067264 https://www.prothai.nyc/forum/general-discussions/fit-tolerance

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In fact, we have made it so easy you will normally find your exact notebook battery in just 2 clicks! We have also pioneered a 1 page checkout screen. We like simple! When choosing a laptop battery, you should first make sure that it is compatible with your computer, and then consider the materials it's made out of. It's also best to look at the power rating and service life, since these have a large impact on its performance and lifespan. Additionally, you may want to consider whether you want a brand name or generic replacement, as well as whether you want a new battery or a refurbished one. Whichever one you choose, you should also look at any warranties offered, and make sure that it complies to safety standards. Generally speaking, LiON and Li-Poly batteries are the best choice, as long as they're compatible with your laptop, since they are light, last longer than NiMHs, and are about a third lighter. They also charge more quickly, and are also more environmentally friendly. Regardless of which type of laptop battery you end up getting, you should make sure that the cells are manufactured in such a way that they meet international standards of laptop battery safety, like those designated by Underwriters Laboratories (UL). You may additionally want to consider whether you want to buy a brand name laptop battery, like the one your laptop came with, or a generic replacement one. Many brand companies and companies that make generic batteries get their components from the same manufacturers, so it may not make a huge difference, but some brand name versions meet more rigorous safety standards than generic ones, and some do use different, higher quality components. Also, some brand name versions come with better warranties than generic ones. Branded batteries do tend to be more expensive than generic ones though, so if you compare a brand name laptop battery and a generic one and find them to be largely similar, then you may want to go with the generic one. Besides the issue of branding, you should also think about whether you want a new laptop battery or a refurbished one. Though some refurbished ones are very good and are often much cheaper than new ones, it's a little risky to buy refurbished, since you don't really know how old the battery is, and it may die suddenly. Also, many refurbished batteries don't come with very good warranties, so it may be worth it to just get a new one, especially if you use your laptop a lot. Hi there.Thanks for the advice, helpful. Especially that about preferring lithium technology to older materials.One thing though:mAh means milliamp hours, not milliamperes. It's the amount of energy stored, not the power.Current x voltage is power. Power x time is energy.Voltage is fixed for a given battery type (11V, 14V etc) so the only variables are current and time. If your machine is drawing higher current then the battery will last less time, hence the relevant feature of the battery is expressed as mAh. So if you have a 5000 mAh battery it can deliver say 0.2 amp (200mA) for 25 hours, or 0.1 amp for 50 hours. (In theory. I'm sure that in reality the efficiency of the battery will vary with the usage pattern)I'm not a computer geek, but I am an old engineer, so energy and units is one of the few things I do know about.All the bestR jessdhx April 8, 2017 I bought a battery from an online store. It has been a year and a half now, and it works well with my laptop. The price was also very attractive. BatteryGuru September 4, 2013 @ReportGirl: I work for Max Capacity (Brand of laptop battery) and an online laptop battery retail outlet. We are basically a newer company located in the US that specializes in building very high end replacement laptop batteries designed to compete with and outperform OEM. I'll share a bit about what some of the main differences in quality are, and what to possibly to look for when evaluating different batteries.About capacity and service life: A typical generic 6 cell laptop battery only holds about 4400mAh of power, which is quite low when compared to the newer generation of cells which store 5600mAh or even 5800mAh in a 6 cell battery. For example, a 5800mAh battery can power your laptop for 40-50 percent longer on a single charge. And with respect to service life, most generics only last about 300 charging cycles, compared to 600 to 900 charging cycles for the newer generation of cells. This 300 charging cycles typically means an average service life of a little over one year, while 900 gets over three years before a new replacement is needed. The result is you wind up paying $35 per year for replacement batteries that offer very low power capacities when one could buy a high capacity battery that lasts about three years and have the latest safety features incorporated into them.So in the long run over a two to three year period, lower cost batteries tend to cost the same as as a 5800mAh battery that performs better and incorporates the latest safety innovations. anon220524 October 7, 2011 Because the battery needs more capacity to be used for much longer, and also the quality is also very important. I recommend a good supplier to you. My laptop is made in China, and the original battery 3E01 is only 2200mAh, is too short to use. So I needed to buy a longer used battery. I asked more suppliers and finally I got one 4400mAh battery of my own, and it only cost me $60. anon146019 January 25, 2011 I bought my IBM laptop battery online. So far it is good. I also bought an extra charger for my laptop from them. anon86842 May 26, 2010 I bought one made by Microdigital. So lucky, it's so good so far. anon74582 April 2, 2010 When buying a laptop battery, you will probably only have one or two choices that fit your computer. Choose the battery with the longest life available for your computer. I agree with it. anon68306 March 2, 2010 I needed a battery quickly to continue my web design and ordered it online It was there in under 24 hours. They had a large variety as well. anon62320 January 26, 2010 I fully agree with the li-ion comment. I'm also looking for a new battery for the same reason. anon55564 December 8, 2009 Who ever said you don't need to condition \"li-ion\" batteries is full of it. I am searching for a new battery as we speak because of that reason- totally shot my battery after I started leaving it plugged in at work. reportgirl yesterday I learned much from above articles. what i am interested in is whether it is safe or not when buy laptop battery from an online shop. I want to buy a battery for my IMAC and found a website where all the laptop batteries were much more cheaper than items elsewhere. I am so excited but also worried about the quality, so can anyone give me some advice Many thanks! bs3kdcr3 October 8, 2007 What should I consider when buying an emergency battery jump starter Three characteristics that are advertised are amps/hour, peak amps, and cranking or continuous amps. These are factors to consider when purchasing an emergency auto battery jump starter and it would be useful to understand what they mean so you purchase the best jump starter for your money. Post your comments Please enter the following code: Login: Forgot password Register: blogherads.adq.push(['sky', 'skm-ad-sky-1']); blogherads.adq.push(['sky', 'skm-ad-sky-2']); blogherads.adq.push(['sky', 'skm-ad-sky-3']); blogherads.adq.push(['sky', 'skm-ad-sky-4']); blogherads.adq.push(['sky', 'skm-ad-sky-5']); blogherads.adq.push(['sky', 'skm-ad-sky-6']); window.stockSnippets = window.stockSnippets {}; window.stockSnippets['ss_rhs'] = ` `; By: kalpis Brand name and generic batteries are available to correspond to the model of laptop computer. By: Yuri Arcurs A couple using a laptop running on battery power. By: .shock Make sure your new laptop battery is compatible with your computer. blogherads.adq.push(['inlineoop', 'skm-ad-outstream']); Categories Technology Internet Food Health Finance Fitness United States Copyright 2003 - 2023 Conjecture Corporation Pages About Us Contact Us Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Subscribe to our newsletter and learn something new every day. 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Bronchus CLICK HERE ::: https://cinurl.com/2tkUOl A bronchus is a passage or airway in the lower respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. The first or primary bronchi (pronounced BRAN-KAI) to branch from the trachea at the carina are the right main bronchus and the left main bronchus. These are the widest bronchi, and enter the right lung, and the left lung at each hilum. The main bronchi branch into narrower secondary bronchi or lobar bronchi, and these branch into narrower tertiary bronchi or segmental bronchi. Further divisions of the segmental bronchi are known as 4th order, 5th order, and 6th order segmental bronchi, or grouped together as subsegmental bronchi.[1][2]The bronchi, when too narrow to be supported by cartilage, are known as bronchioles. No gas exchange takes place in the bronchi. The trachea (windpipe) divides at the carina into two main or primary bronchi, the left bronchus and the right bronchus. The carina of the trachea is located at the level of the sternal angle and the fifth thoracic vertebra (at rest). The cartilage and mucous membrane of the main bronchus (primary bronchi) are similar to those in the trachea. They are lined with respiratory epithelium, which is classified as ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.[7] The epithelium in the main bronchi contains goblet cells, which are glandular, modified simple columnar epithelial cells that produce mucins, the main component of mucus. Mucus plays an important role in keeping the airways clear in the mucociliary clearance process. In 0.1 to 5% of people there is a right superior lobe bronchus arising from the main stem bronchus prior to the carina. This is known as a tracheal bronchus, and seen as an anatomical variation.[9] It can have multiple variations and, although usually asymptomatic, it can be the root cause of pulmonary disease such as a recurrent infection. In such cases resection is often curative.[10][11] An accessory cardiac bronchus is usually an asymptomatic condition but may be associated with persistent infection or hemoptysis.[13][14] In about half of observed cases the cardiac bronchus presents as a short dead-ending bronchial stump, in the remainder the bronchus may exhibit branching and associated aerated lung parenchyma. The left main bronchus departs from the trachea at a greater angle than that of the right main bronchus. The right bronchus is also wider than the left and these differences predispose the right lung to aspirational problems. If food, liquids, or foreign bodies are aspirated, they will tend to lodge in the right main bronchus. Bacterial pneumonia and aspiration pneumonia may result. Cancer stage at diagnosis, which refers to extent of a cancer in the body, determines treatment options and has a strong influence on the length of survival. In general, if the cancer is found only in the part of the body where it started it is localized (sometimes referred to as stage 1). If it has spread to a different part of the body, the stage is regional or distant. The earlier lung and bronchus cancer is caught, the better chance a person has of surviving five years after being diagnosed. For lung and bronchus cancer, 18.9% are diagnosed at the local stage. The 5-year relative survival for localized lung and bronchus cancer is 61.2%. CT bronchus sign. According to TSCT (0.5-mm reconstruction), we categorized the CT bronchus sign in each case into three types a to c according to the relationship between the nearest bronchus and the target lesion. In type A, the responsible bronchus clearly reached the inside of the target lesion. In type C, no bronchus could be detected in relation to the lesion. When the CT findings could be categorized into neither type A nor C, the CT bronchus sign was categorized as type B CT bronchus sign and bronchoscopic diagnostic yield. The CT bronchus sign was a significant factor associated with a positive bronchoscopic diagnosis. In particular more than 90 % of malignant lesions with a CT bronchus sign type A could be diagnosed successfully. Conversely, in benign lesions, the bronchoscopic diagnostic yield was 0 % in lesions with a CT bronchus sign type C Axial CT image This axial view is situated at the level of the tracheal bifurcation. The division of the distal trachea into the two main bronchi is already identifiable. The origin of the tracheal bronchus (TB) is shown. Bronchoscopy The bronchoscopic image (Fig 2a) shows the origin of the tracheal bronchus (TB) nearly at the bifurcation. The proximal right main bronchus (RMB) is also visible. A view into the tracheal bronchus is provided by figure 2b. The orifice seems to be partially narrowed. Frontal CT image The tracheal bifurcation is visible in this frontal view of the computed tomography of the chest. The origin of the tracheal bronchus is visible virtually at the carina (TB). The regular right upper lobe bronchus (RUB) itself is not displaced. There are no further recognizable abnormalities of the airways. She underwent segmentectomy of the apical upper lobe segment. Upon operation we encountered the tracheal bronchus which led into the apical segment. The anatomy of the pulmonary artery as well as the venous drainage was normal. There were dense inflammatory adhesions between the tip of the right lung and the parietal pleura as an expression of the recurrent infections. The apical segment showed numerous nodules and calcifications. Frozen section was obtained to rule out pulmonary carcinoma. Such congenital abnormalities are rarities. In the year 1962 Le Roux examined 1000 consecutive bronchograms, which had been obtained at the Regional Thoracic Unit in Edinburgh4. Altogether he encountered only 30 abnormalities of the right upper lobe bronchus. The most common disorder was an apical segmental bronchus originating from the trachea or the main bronchus. He found such a condition in 14 out of 1000 bronchograms4. Our patient had a displaced bronchus directing to the apical segment. The anatomy is clearly visible in the coronary CT images [Fig 1a+b]. Those congenital malformations are usually asymptomatic in adults whereas they are quite frequently associated with respiratory complications in paediatric patients. In a series comprising 18 infants with tracheal bronchus, resection of the right upper lobe due to recurrent pneumonia was eventually mandatory in five cases5. Persistent or recurrent pneumonia as well as the occurrence of bronchiectasis caused by a tracheal bronchus have also been reported in adults. Furthermore, pulmonary actinomycosis and haemoptysis have reportedly been associated with a tracheal bronchus3,6. Because of the rareness of the underlying condition the literature comprises mainly reports of single cases. In our case, the tracheal bronchus was responsible for recurrent pneumonia with severe morphological changes of the lung parenchyma [Fig 1c]. The diagnosis was only established with considerable delay. Following segmentectomy the patient recuperated well. Henceforth she has been healthy and has shown no signs of pulmonary infections. This finding is in conformance with the results of the above mentioned paediatric series in which lobectomy led to resolution of the recurrent pneumonia, too. Similar outcome has been observed for surgical treatment of bronchiectasis in adults. Effective relief of symptoms is achievable by complete resection of all lung tissue with bronchiectatic destruction7,8. Segmentectomy of the lung is a safe procedure without a noteworthy loss of lung capacity. Hence, resection of the affected segment in case of a bronchial abnormality associated with pulmonary infections is justified and provides definite cure. In conclusion, congenital abnormalities of the bronchi are rarities among the adult population and are mostly asymptomatic. Nevertheless, a tracheal bronchus can cause be associated with recurrent pulmonary infections and tumorlike inflammatory lesions. Then operative management by means of segmentectomy provides cure and simultaneously rules out lung cancer. Displaced (B, C) and supernumerary (E, F) tracheal bronchi. They are determined based on the presence or absence of normal trifurcation of the RUL bronchus [9]. (A) Normal, (B) Displaced apical bronchus, (C) Displaced lobar bronchus, (D) Aberrant lobar bronchus, (E) Supernumerary apical bronchus, (F) Supernumerary lobar bronchus. Rt. br: right main stem bronchus, Lt. br: left main bronchus, Ant: anterior segment, Post: posterior segment, Apical: apical segment. K.P.Y.H. was responsible for study design, coordination, analysis, interpretation of results, performed experiments and writing of the manuscript. J.C.W.H., M.-c.C., K.-c.N., R.H.H.C., K.-l.L. and T.T.K. performed experiments, analysis and interpretation of results. H.G. performed analysis and interpretation of sequencing results. K.-Y.S., M.K.Y.H. and T.W.K.A. provided human lung and bronchus tissue and read the manuscript. L.L.M.P. analysed and interpreted sequencing results and read the manuscript. M.P. analysed and interpreted results, and writing and revision of the manuscript. J.M.N. performed analysis, coordinated sample collection and interpreted results from immunohistochemical staining, and read the manuscript. M.C.W.C. was responsible for study design, overall coordination, interpretation of results and writing of the manuscript. Your bronchi (BRAWN-kai) are the large tubes that connect to your trachea (windpipe) and direct the air you breathe to your right and left lungs. They are in your chest. Bronchi is the plural form of bronchus. The left bronchus carries air to your left lung. The right bronchus carries air to your right lung. Your bronchi are an essential part of your respiratory system. As you breathe and your lungs expand, your bronchi distribute the air within your lung. Tracheal bronchus is an aberrant bronchus that arises most often from the right tracheal wall above the carina and is the result of an additional tracheal outgrowth early in embryonic life. Its incidence ranges between 0.1 and 5%. This anomaly usually is diagnosed incidentally during bronchoscopy or bronchography performed for various respiratory problems. Occasionally, it represents the underlying etiology for chronic pulmonary disease such as emphysema, atelectasis, and persistent or recurrent pneumonia, especially if it involves the right upper lobe and reflects an abnormal pulmonary clearing mechanism. Tracheal bronchus may be associated with other bronchopulmonary anomalies, tracheal stenosis, or Down's syndrome. In the absence of clinical symptoms, a diagnosis of tracheal bronchus does not require any treatment. In patients with recurrent right upper lobe disease and a tracheal bronchus, therapy should include resection of the aberrant bronchus as well as the lobe it supplies. 59ce067264 https://www.sistertosisteralliance.com/forum/welcome-to-the-forum/is-brkb-a-good-buy

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Any questions regarding a cut-off date for a specific month can often be confirmed by consulting an official copy of the Visa Bulletin, available upon request from the Visa Office. 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For all years NOT listed, the category was Current.) * Operation of the Numerical Control Process (PDF) - Explains how immigrant visas subject to numerical limitations are allotted and the determination of cut-off dates for the Visa Bulletin. Links to external websites are provided as a convenience and should not be construed as an endorsement by the U.S. Department of State of the views or products contained therein. If you wish to remain on travel.state.gov, click the \"cancel\" message. Some job announcements stay open indefinitely. You can submit your application at any time, but the job announcement will usually include a date (or several dates) when the hiring agency will select a group of applicants to review. For example, the job announcement may say it will review applications on July 30, August 30 and so on. If you submit an application on August 1, the hiring agency will review your application starting on August 30. 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To ensure effective and efficient processing, we must distribute the acquisition workload throughout the entire fiscal year. During FY23, we will continue to reach out to our customers to ascertain projected contracting requirements and establish the level of support needed from OPAL to ensure timely execution to meet mission needs. As a reminder, the deadline to submit actionable packages for open market requirements, regardless of dollar value, is April 3, 2023. Late submissions, including a fully actionable package, must be accompanied by a memorandum signed by the customer Senior Executive explaining the reason for the lateness and requesting acceptance past the cut-off date. All dates listed are predicated upon receipt of a fully actionable package! Please note, timelines are driven by regulatory requirements and volume, as well as the availability of the right subject matter experts who must support technical evaluations and negotiations. This page may include links to other websites outside our control and jurisdiction. VA is not responsible for the privacy practices or the content of non-VA websites. We encourage you to review the privacy policy or terms and conditions of those sites to fully understand what information is collected and how it is used. NOTE: If this submission will drive Instrument Approach Procedure (RNAV, GPS, ILS, SID, STAR, etc.) updates, changes should be coordinated with the FAA regional Flight Procedures Team (FPT) 18-24 months prior to estimated project completion. Database updates must be received 6-9 months prior to planned publication. Contact the FPT to determine latest submission cut-offs:Central Service AreaEastern Service AreaWestern Service Area Several FSMA rules have provisions in which a value is adjusted for inflation and averaged over 3 years. We provide the values based on Price Deflators for Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the average for the most recent 3 years for the applicable rules below. The GDP deflator is not a static number, and changes monthly. We intend to update the values at the beginning of April each year. If you choose to use the information below to determine whether your facility, farm, or other operation (depending on the relevant FSMA rule) had average annual sales/revenue below the most recent adjusted cut-off, you would: 59ce067264 https://www.pulque.com/forum/welcome-to-the-forum/download-bladed-fury-mod-apk

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Though Hawk has definite aspirations to get back together with Moon in Season 3, he abruptly learns that she is already in a relationship with Piper (Selah Austria). In Season 4, Episode 5 (\"Match Point\"), Moon compliments Hawk on the new color of his mohawk, telling him that purple \"symbolizes enlightenment.\" Clearly unaware of such information, Hawk shyly insists that is exactly what he was going for. Though Hawk is ready to settle for being friends with Moon at this point, Demetri (Gianni DeCenzo) informs him that Moon's relationship with Piper actually didn't work out. In the final scene of Season 4, Episode 6 (\"Kicks Get Chicks\"), Demetri's pep talk with Hawk finally has its intended effect and Hawk arrives to practice at Miyagi-Do, the dojo with which he will compete in the 51st Annual All Valley Karate Tournament. Sadly, Hawk loses Miyagi-Do crucial points in the first division and seems to be struggling. After Kyler torments Hawk on the sideline, Hawk seems more deflated than ever before. As Unforgotten careens towards the Season 4 finale next week, Cassie is all but off the rails. When the episode starts, she's going to see her father, accusing him again of being manipulated to change his will, getting in a screaming match on the stoop. Afterward, John points out she's not angry about the choice, but her father slowly disappearing. She can let go of it and the anger at being denied her pension, etc. They don't need it. She can quit tomorrow, move down south with him, live their lives together. As we saw in the scene set to the song \"Street Life,\" Jimmy is always pulled in that direction, feeling his most comfortable on the streets making a quick buck and convincing people of whatever he is trying to sell. Him being upset later when talking to Kim after his mugging was not because he thought his actions were foolish, but that he had lost some of his edge. So the next time he tries a con, it'll have to match more of the life he's living now -- enter Saul It was filmed in black and white, a style which had been considered for Black Mirror before but not previously used.[5] The idea was suggested by the director David Slade to bring to mind old horror films and to match the \"oppressive nature\" of the episode.[8][9] Brooker originally wanted the episode to be entirely free from dialogue,[10] similar to the film All Is Lost.[8] Brooker suggested using the Steven Spielberg films Duel and Jaws as inspiration, whilst The Texas Chain Saw Massacre was an influence for Slade.[11][12] Executive producer Annabel Jones felt that the story presented a world devoid of hope, and filming \"a world drained of color felt right\".[5] Slade reported that though biological events or apocalypses were considered, the episode does not suggest a backstory for the world in order to focus on the conflict between Bella and the dog.[12] Filming took place on two monochrome cameras, not many of which existed at the time. In the scenes with Bella in a car, a remote driver controlled steering from a pod on top of the car. This allowed Peake to act fearfully with more realism. At one point, a dog jumps through a van window and shoots the driver. This sequence was achieved by filming the glass being broken for real, then adding the dog and additional broken glass in post-production.[13] Meanwhile, the California boys are racing around in Argyle's pizza van. They have a phone number from the government agent that died, and they think that's going to help them find El. They zoom through the desert to a pay phone, with telephone lines in the background, and it's almost identical to the shot from David Fincher's \"Seven\" in which Brad Pitt's detective character drives out to receive a mysterious package. Thankfully, things go better for the \"Stranger Things\" guys than they did for Mr. Pitt, but it's so visually similar that it's impossible for Fincher fans to not immediately point at their screens like Leonardo DiCaprio in \"Once Upon a Time in Hollywood.\" Actually, it probably goes without saying, but at this point Better Call Saul never takes a day off when it comes to quality. This show is humming along like a freight train, gliding effortlessly yet with unmistakable power from moment to moment, scene to scene, sequence to sequence, character to character, episode to episode. Its destination is death. As Saul (Bob Odenkirk) himself puts it in this episode's cold open, \"Quite a ride, huh\" This one takes place during the events of Breaking Bad, in full color and with Jimmy in full Saul Goodman mode, complete with his long-suffering receptionist Francesca (Tina Parker) -- a BB regular last seen on Saul when Jimmy and Kim had to let her go following Jimmy's suspension from the bar. As she shreds every last document in the office, Saul ransacks the place for various secret stashes of cash and god knows what else, at one point literally taking a boxcutter and slicing the preamble of the Constitution -- his office wallpaper -- to shreds to find what he needs. He also makes the call to the witness-relocation specialist who'll help him escape with a new identity. Candidate number two, by contrast, is a nebbishy German who nearly gets carsick on the way, scribbles his observations in a battered old notebook, and measures the place with an old-fashioned tape measure, even marking out the distances in physical paces at one point. When it's all said and done he rattles off an entire litany of reasons why the job will be difficult, dangerous, expensive, hard to keep secret, and easy to screw up in any number of ways. But this kind of workaday frankness is exactly what Gus is looking for. He emerges from the shadows and introduces himself, in German no less. Say what you will about the Chicken Man, but he knows the value of a hard day's work. This makes him a perfect match for the still bruised and battered Kim, as they uneasily joke later that night. (He tells her about the mugging, but lies about what he was doing at the hot dog stand that late at night in the first place.) And that's not the only way these two are cut from the same cloth. Just like Jimmy's legitimate skill and passion for elder law, Kim turns out to be a heck of a pro bono public defender. She coaches a young client in how to look and act in the courtroom, she steamrolls the D.A. into agreeing to a shockingly light sentence by threatening to expose his prosecutorial misconduct in the case, and she comforts a terrified young woman (implicitly a single mother) facing her first drug charge until she's ready to stand trial. These scenes play out in a fashion that's less showy than either Mike's or Jimmy's, emphasizing the hands-on care required for her to get the job done. Kira, Scott and Stiles pull apart all the teams lacrosse sticks looking for the weapon, which Scott eventually says is pointless since most of the team plays with their own gear. Kira suggests they should get the game canceled but Scott believes their best chance to find the assassin will be during the game. Violet bemoans the fact that they should be going after the bigger target on the list, the Alpha. But Garrett points out that a whole Alpha Pack tried to take down McCall and he was the one left standing. Garrett insists that they only go after the beta on the field during the game. Chris is in the weapons cage at his apartment building. He hears a noise and flips a switch to electrify the metal mesh surrounding him. A figure outside the cage drops to the floor. Chris draws his weapon and turns to find Severo (Ivo Nandi) pointing a gun at him. Araya Calavera (Ivonne Coll) comes in and cracks a joke about how a Mexican standoff is just called a standoff in Mexico. Whatever. The point is that there are assassins out there using axes (Mouthdemort), thermo-cut bolo necklaces (Girlfriend of Garrett), and big knives that leave behind weird hexagonal marks (Garrett). Later, Cersei holds court at a meeting of the Small Council by announcing that she will be advising Tommen until he comes of age and chooses a Hand for himself. She proceeds to name Mace Tyrell as the new Master of Coin and Qyburn as the new Master of Whisperers. But when she tries to appoint her uncle, Kevan Lannister (Ian Gelder), to the position of Master of War, he rebukes her by declaring that he returned to the capital to pay his respects to his brother, Tywin, not to serve as one of her flunkies. He goes on to say that he does not recognize her authority and will be waiting for word from the king at Casterly Rock. Cersei silently fumes over his insults. She comes upon Daemon, looking for all the world, in his pointy hood, like a tall, sickly Jawa. She throws some of the unkind words he's been saying about her back in his blank, impassive face, and lets us know that they've never had sex. Daemon's keeping it on-brand, in that sense. 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Here, you'll find the perfect dress, jumpsuit, or suit that you'll want to re-wear long after prom night is over. From midi skater dresses to long sequin dresses, chances are you'll find the perfect option for prom. You can always count on Nordstrom for basic and trendy staples, but you can also count on them for gorgeous prom and special occasion dresses. Whether you're searching for a floor-length dress or a chic jumpsuit, you'll certainly find it at Nordstrom. Also: you get free shipping and free returns, so you can order whatever you have your eye on without hesitation and unexpected fees.Save when you shop for the best prom dresses with these Nordstrom promo codes. Don't sleep on Macy's! They have a huge array of beautiful prom dresses in practically every color. What more could you ask for Save when you shop at the best prom websites with these Macy's promo codes. 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As one of the best online prom dress stores, rest assured your search for that perfect dress for prom gets fun and easy here. Peaches Boutique is an authorized retailer of beautiful prom dresses created by Jasz Couture, Jovani, Morilee, Sherri Hill, Tarik Ediz, and Ellie Wilde. For years we have been working with the most trusted designers of senior prom dresses, and along with our own brand Just Peachy, we remain among the most sought-after online collections of elegant prom dresses in the USA. Apart from that, we have made sure young ladies coming to our store get real unique prom dresses experiences by registering every prom dress purchased and ensured that we do not sell the same senior dress in the same color to the same school. The amount of choice available for Senior and Junior unique prom dresses and elegant prom gowns at Peaches Boutique is undisputed. Our 2023 prom dresses for sale include all trending prom dresses you can shop online. 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